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Related Concept Videos

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving01:09

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...
Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving01:18

Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving

To calculate the flow rate for a trapezoidal channel, first, identify the bottom width, side slope, and flow depth of the channel. The cross-sectional area (A) corresponding to the depth of flow (y), channel bottom width (B), and side slope (θ) is determined by:Next, calculate the wetted perimeter, which includes the bottom width and the sloped side lengths in contact with the water. Using the values of the cross-sectional area and the wetted perimeter, determine the hydraulic radius by...
Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...
Uniform Depth Channel Flow01:27

Uniform Depth Channel Flow

Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices
04:35

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices

Published on: July 28, 2023

Toward enhanced subsurface intervention methods using chaotic advection.

Michael G Trefry1, Daniel R Lester, Guy Metcalfe

  • 1CSIRO Land and Water, Wembley, Western Australia. mike.trefry@csiro.au

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology
|May 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transient pressure switching in wells can program subsurface flow, creating chaotic advection for efficient groundwater interventions. This method accelerates mixing and fluid isolation, offering a cost-effective alternative to conventional pumping for contaminant recovery and geothermal energy.

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11:51

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Published on: February 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Environmental Engineering

Background:

  • Subsurface interventions require efficient recovery/emplacement of scalar quantities in porous media.
  • Conventional pump-and-treat methods are costly and can be inefficient.
  • Applications include contaminant remediation, in-situ leaching, and geothermal energy extraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of transient pressure switching for controlling subsurface flow.
  • To investigate the application of chaotic advection in groundwater interventions.
  • To assess the efficiency and robustness of programmed chaotic flows.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical prediction of chaotic flow topologies in simplified aquifer models.
  • Experimental verification using Hele-Shaw cells.
  • Mathematical analysis of chaotic advection characteristics for regional flows and heterogeneity.

Main Results:

  • Transient pressure switching generates programmed subsurface flows with beneficial characteristics.
  • Chaotic flow regimes were predicted and experimentally verified.
  • Chaotic advection accelerates mixing and enables fluid zone encapsulation.
  • The method is robust to perturbations and aquifer heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Chaotic advection, induced by transient pressure switching, offers a novel and efficient approach for groundwater interventions.
  • This technique can enhance contaminant remediation and resource recovery.
  • Programmed chaotic flows present a cost-effective alternative to conventional pumping strategies.