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Processing speed and working memory performance in those with both ADHD and a reading disorder compared with those
Lynda J Katz1, Franklin C Brown, Robert M Roth
1Office of the President, Landmark College, VT 05346, USA. lkatz@landmark.edu
Summary
Individuals with both Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Reading Disorder show greater challenges in processing speed and working memory. These findings suggest shared underlying factors contribute to the co-occurrence of these conditions.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Cognitive Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Reading Disorder frequently co-occur.
- Previous research indicated shared cognitive deficits in children with both ADHD and Reading Disorder.
- Specific deficits were noted in processing speed, working memory, and timed executive functioning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate cognitive performance in older adolescents and adults with comorbid ADHD and Reading Disorder.
- To compare individuals with both disorders against those with ADHD only.
- To examine differences in processing speed, working memory, and executive functioning.
Main Methods:
- The study assessed older adolescents and adults diagnosed with ADHD and/or Reading Disorder.
- Cognitive measures included processing speed, working memory, and executive functioning (timed and non-timed).
- Performance was compared between groups with comorbid disorders and those with ADHD alone.
Main Results:
- Individuals with both ADHD and Reading Disorder exhibited significant difficulties in processing speed and working memory compared to those with ADHD only.
- No significant differences were observed in non-timed executive functioning measures between the groups.
- These findings align with previous research in younger populations.
Conclusions:
- The study supports the hypothesis of common underlying cognitive features contributing to the comorbidity of ADHD and Reading Disorder.
- Shared deficits in processing speed and working memory may be a key factor in the co-occurrence of these conditions.
- Understanding these shared weaknesses can inform targeted interventions for individuals with comorbid ADHD and Reading Disorder.
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