Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
Column Efficiency: Rate Theory01:12

Column Efficiency: Rate Theory

The rate theory of chromatography provides quantitative insight into the shapes and widths of elution bands. These bands are based on the random-walk mechanism governing molecular migration within a column. The Gaussian profile of chromatographic bands arises from the cumulative effect of random molecular motions as they progress through the column.
During elution, a solute molecule experiences numerous transitions between stationary and mobile phases, exhibiting irregular residence times in...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
Column Efficiency: Plate Theory01:10

Column Efficiency: Plate Theory

Band broadening in a chromatography column is measured by its efficiency. This is determined by the number of theoretical plates (N). Theoretical plate theory states that a separation column consists of a continuous series of imaginary plates where solute equilibration occurs between stationary and mobile phases.
A higher number of theoretical plates signifies better column efficiency and improved separation capabilities. Plate height affects bandwidth and separation quality; it is inversely...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phytochemical profiling and molecular interactions of Parishins a and C as potent AChE inhibitors from red Gastrodia elata.

Biophysical chemistry·2026
Same author

Editorial on the 12th international conference on countercurrent chromatography - CCC2024, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same author

Multi-Angle Bioactivity Cartography for Computational Screening and Mechanistic Analysis of AChE Inhibitors From Yellow Gastrodia elata.

Archiv der Pharmazie·2025
Same author

Countercurrent chromatography research shaped by Yoichiro Ito.

Journal of chromatography. A·2025
Same author

Designing strong inducible synthetic promoters in yeasts.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Efficacy and safety of endoscopic hemostasis with a self-assembling peptide solution in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding: a multicenter pilot study (with video).

Gastrointestinal endoscopy·2024
Same journal

Impurity profiling of lipid-conjugated oligonucleotides using reversed-phase with and without ion-pair reagents and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

Preparation of magnetic zwitterionic covalent organic frameworks for rapid simultaneous extraction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic organophosphates from environmental waters coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS determination.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

Analysis of organic and inorganic acids in biomass pyrolysis process samples by ion chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

Separation and enrichment of phages at the interface between two phases in a green solvent-based sugaring-out extraction system.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

Advances and perspectives in Oligo(dT) Affinity chromatography for mRNA capture: Resins, ligands and process intensification.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

Ion chromatography: Current strengths, key limitations, and future trends.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity
06:44

Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity

Published on: June 12, 2016

Improved partition efficiency with threaded cylindrical column in vortex counter-current chromatography.

Yoichiro Ito1, Zhiyong Ma, Robert Clary

  • 1Bioseparation Technology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. itoy2@mail.nih.gov

Journal of Chromatography. A
|May 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel threaded coil-planet centrifuge column significantly enhances countercurrent chromatography separation efficiency. This improved design offers better peak resolution and may serve as a scalable alternative for preparative separations.

More Related Videos

Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns
06:25

Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns

Published on: April 26, 2016

Tuning a Parallel Segmented Flow Column and Enabling Multiplexed Detection
08:01

Tuning a Parallel Segmented Flow Column and Enabling Multiplexed Detection

Published on: December 15, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity
06:44

Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity

Published on: June 12, 2016

Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns
06:25

Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns

Published on: April 26, 2016

Tuning a Parallel Segmented Flow Column and Enabling Multiplexed Detection
08:01

Tuning a Parallel Segmented Flow Column and Enabling Multiplexed Detection

Published on: December 15, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Chromatography
  • Separation Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a liquid-liquid partition technique.
  • Traditional CCC systems can face limitations in efficiency and scalability.
  • Optimizing mass transfer is key to improving CCC performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the partition efficiency of a type-I coil-planet centrifuge.
  • To investigate the impact of a threaded cylindrical cavity on mass transfer.
  • To evaluate the separation performance of the modified CCC system.

Main Methods:

  • A type-I coil-planet centrifuge with a threaded cylindrical cavity was developed.
  • Partition efficiency was assessed using three distinct two-phase solvent systems.
  • Separation performance was evaluated based on theoretical plate number, peak resolution, and height equivalent of one theoretical plate.
  • Elution strategies and mobile phase viscosity were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The threaded column design substantially improved partition efficiency compared to the original vortex column.
  • Significant enhancements were observed in theoretical plate number and peak resolution.
  • Higher peak resolution was achieved with specific elution directions and by using the less viscous mobile phase.
  • The system demonstrated extremely low column pressure.

Conclusions:

  • The threaded cylindrical column is a highly effective modification for improving CCC performance.
  • This enhanced CCC system offers potential as a scalable alternative to conventional type-J HSCCC for large-scale preparative separations.
  • The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing CCC operational parameters.