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Inflammation

Inflammation

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...

Inflammatory Response

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Published on: September 16, 2011

[Basophils in skin inflammation].

Takahiro Satoh¹

¹Department of Dermatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.

Nihon Rinsho Men'Eki Gakkai Kaishi = Japanese Journal of Clinical Immunology

|June 2, 2011

Summary

Basophils, once thought redundant, are crucial immune cells. Recent studies reveal their non-redundant roles in allergic inflammation and immune responses, challenging previous assumptions.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Dermatology
Cell Biology

Background:

Basophils are rare peripheral blood leukocytes, historically considered circulating mast cells due to similar IgE receptor expression and mediator release.
Their limited visibility in standard histology hindered understanding of their role in tissue inflammation.
Recent research challenges the notion of basophil redundancy, highlighting their unique contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the non-redundant roles of basophils in immune responses, particularly in allergic inflammation.
To explore the functions of basophils beyond their resemblance to mast cells.
To determine the presence and potential significance of basophils in human inflammatory skin diseases.

Main Methods:

Review of recent murine studies detailing basophil functions.

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Immunohistochemical analysis using basophil-specific antibodies in human skin lesions.

Examination of cytokine and chemokine production by basophils.

Main Results:

Murine studies demonstrate basophils are essential sources of IL-4, IL-13, and CCL22, promoting Th2 immunity.
Basophils are critical for IgE-mediated chronic allergic skin inflammation in mice.
Human studies reveal basophil infiltration in various inflammatory skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis and urticaria.

Conclusions:

Basophils possess non-redundant functions distinct from mast cells.
They play significant roles in Th2 immunity and allergic skin inflammation.
Basophils are implicated as important contributors to diverse human inflammatory skin diseases.