Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids01:19

Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids

Sulfation and α-amino acid conjugation are two critical biotransformation reactions in drug metabolism. Sulfation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, involves adding a polar sulfate group to a drug, enhancing its water solubility and promoting excretion. This process can either co-occur with or occur independently of glucuronidation. Nonmicrosomal sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the process. The reaction involves 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate or PAPS coenzyme activation, sulfur...
Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry, similar...
Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...
Surface Active Agents01:27

Surface Active Agents

Surfactants, named for their behavior at interfaces, positively adsorb at the interfaces of two phases, reducing interfacial tension. Their versatility as emulsifiers, detergents, and foaming agents stems from this ability. Surfactants, often termed amphiphiles, share the property of amphipathy, with molecules having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. The hydrophilic part is called the head, and the hydrophobic part, including an elongated alkyl substituent, forms the tail.Surfactants...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A bistable catanionic system with reinforced thermal stability.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2026
Same author

A steady-state approach for analysis of high-resolution relaxometry.

Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)·2025
Same author

Allosteric coupling between a lipid bilayer and a membrane protein.

Biophysical journal·2025
Same author

Molecular and Supramolecular Study of Uranium/Plutonium Liquid-Liquid Extraction with <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dialkylamides.

Inorganic chemistry·2024
Same author

Deuterium spin relaxation of fractionally deuterated ribonuclease H using paired 475 and 950 MHz NMR spectrometers.

Journal of biomolecular NMR·2024
Same author

<sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>15</sup>N backbone and methyl group resonance assignments of ricin toxin A subunit.

Biomolecular NMR assignments·2024
Same journal

Untreated Rosehip Powder/Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-4-Hydroxybutyrate) Electrospun Mats for Wound Dressing Applications.

Biopolymers·2026
Same journal

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antidiabetic Evaluation of Sequence-Modified Liraglutide Analogs in a Drosophila melanogaster Model.

Biopolymers·2026
Same journal

Fabrication of an Antibacterial Alginate/Chitosan Hydrogel Dressing Loaded With CuO Nanoparticles for Wound Dressing Applications.

Biopolymers·2026
Same journal

Effect of Chitosan-Alginate Polyelectrolyte Complex Formation and Multilayer Polymer Configuration on the Characteristics of 3D-Printed Metronidazole-Loaded Periodontal Films.

Biopolymers·2026
Same journal

Phenolic Grafting of Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers Using Ferulic Acid: Structural and Antioxidant Analysis Toward Bioactive Nanomaterials.

Biopolymers·2026
Same journal

Detection of a Target Nucleic Acid by Ligation-Assisted Fluorescence Enhancement of a Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Twin Probe via Disulfide Binding.

Biopolymers·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in Poly(S-Divinylbenzene)
09:16

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in Poly(S-Divinylbenzene)

Published on: May 20, 2019

Sulfonated amphipols: synthesis, properties, and applications.

Tassadite Dahmane1, Fabrice Giusti, Laurent J Catoire

  • 1Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire des Membranes Biologiques, UMR 7099, CNRS and Université Paris-7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS IFR 550, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France.

Biopolymers
|June 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New sulfonated amphipols (SAPols) maintain membrane protein solubility at low pH. This enables better structural analysis using NMR, overcoming limitations of previous amphipols.

More Related Videos

Synthesis and Bioconjugation of Thiol-Reactive Reagents for the Creation of Site-Selectively Modified Immunoconjugates
08:47

Synthesis and Bioconjugation of Thiol-Reactive Reagents for the Creation of Site-Selectively Modified Immunoconjugates

Published on: March 6, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in Poly(S-Divinylbenzene)
09:16

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in Poly(S-Divinylbenzene)

Published on: May 20, 2019

Synthesis and Bioconjugation of Thiol-Reactive Reagents for the Creation of Site-Selectively Modified Immunoconjugates
08:47

Synthesis and Bioconjugation of Thiol-Reactive Reagents for the Creation of Site-Selectively Modified Immunoconjugates

Published on: March 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Amphipols (APs) are essential for solubilizing membrane proteins (MPs).
  • The common APol, A8-35, has pH limitations for NMR studies.
  • Acidic pH is optimal for slowing amide proton exchange in NMR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel pH-insensitive amphipols (SAPols).
  • To enable membrane protein studies at acidic pH using NMR.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of sulfonated amphipols (SAPols) by replacing isopropylamine with taurine.
  • Characterization of SAPols' properties.
  • NMR spectroscopy ([(15)N,(1)H]-TROSY) of membrane proteins in SAPols at pH 6.8.

Main Results:

  • SAPols effectively trap, stabilize, and solubilize MPs at low pH.
  • NMR spectra of a bacterial outer MP in SAPols at pH 6.8 show correct folding.
  • Spectra resolution is comparable to A8-35, revealing distinct proton signals at pH 6.8 versus pH 8.0.

Conclusions:

  • SAPols are a viable alternative to A8-35 for membrane protein studies.
  • SAPols facilitate NMR analysis of membrane proteins at pH 6.8.
  • The pH-insensitivity of SAPols expands their utility in structural biology.