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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Epigenetic mechanisms.

Louisa M Villeneuve, Rama Natarajan

    Contributions to Nephrology
    |June 11, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Epigenetic factors, not genetic changes, may explain why diabetic complications persist even after glucose control. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms is key to new diabetes complication therapies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Diabetes mellitus and its complications, such as nephropathy, are a growing global health concern.
    • Environmental and nutritional factors, alongside epigenetic modifications, influence diabetes development.
    • Despite glucose control, diabetic patients often experience persistent complications, a phenomenon linked to 'metabolic memory'.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the role of epigenetics in the development of diabetic complications.
    • To investigate the molecular pathways underlying metabolic memory in diabetes.
    • To identify potential new therapeutic targets for diabetic complications through epigenetic research.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of recent studies on epigenetic changes in diabetes.
    • Analysis of chromatin modifications, including histone and DNA methylation patterns.
    • Investigation of gene expression alterations in response to hyperglycemic states.

    Main Results:

    • Epigenetic modifications, rather than genetic alterations, are implicated in diabetic complications.
    • Metabolic or hyperglycemic memory is suggested to result from epigenetic changes in target tissues.
    • These epigenetic changes alter gene expression without modifying the underlying genetic code.

    Conclusions:

    • Epigenetic mechanisms play a significant role in the pathology of diabetic complications.
    • Further research into epigenetics is crucial for understanding diabetes progression.
    • Targeting epigenetic pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for managing diabetic complications.