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Updated: May 31, 2026
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Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
Published on: May 16, 2016
Endotoxin contamination delays the foreign body reaction
Sander M van Putten1, Maike Wübben, Josée A Plantinga
1Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|June 18, 2011
Summary
Bacterial endotoxins, like lipopolysaccharides (LPS), delay the foreign body reaction (FBR) to biomaterials. This study shows LPS contamination alters immune responses, delaying FBR and emphasizing the need for endotoxin testing in biomaterials.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Immunology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Biomaterials risk bacterial contamination, impacting their performance in vivo.
- Endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are bacterial components that strongly activate the immune system.
- LPS contamination on biomaterials is hypothesized to intensify the foreign body reaction (FBR).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the in vivo effects of LPS contamination on the FBR to a specific collagen-based biomaterial.
- To determine how LPS influences immune cell infiltration and cytokine production during the FBR.
Main Methods:
- Subcutaneous implantation of Puramatrix-loaded hexamethylenediisocyanate-crosslinked dermal sheep collagen (HDSC) disks in rats.
- Analysis of immune cell influx (granulocytes, macrophages) and cytokine (IL-10) production in LPS-contaminated vs. uncontaminated disks over time.
- Assessment of macrophage functionality, including giant cell formation and biomaterial degradation.
Main Results:
- LPS contamination led to a massive and prolonged influx of granulocytes during the FBR onset.
- Increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) production was observed in LPS-contaminated disks at days 10 and 21.
- While macrophage density was unchanged, LPS altered their function, delaying giant cell formation and biomaterial degradation up to 21 days.
Conclusions:
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination significantly delays the foreign body reaction (FBR) to implanted biomaterials.
- Endotoxin presence impacts in vivo biomaterial function by modulating immune responses.
- Routine endotoxin testing is crucial for ensuring the safety and efficacy of biomaterials and medical devices.
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