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Related Concept Videos

Tension01:10

Tension

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Tension is a force along the length of a medium, in particular, a force carried by a flexible medium, such as a rope or cable. The word "tension" comes from Latin, meaning "to stretch". Not coincidentally, the flexible cords that carry muscle forces to other parts of the body are called tendons. Any flexible connector, such as a string, rope, chain, wire, or cable, can exert pull only parallel to its length; so, a force carried by a flexible connector is a tension with a...
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
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Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin...
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Surface Tension and Surface Energy01:16

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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache
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Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

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Headache (chronic tension-type).

Anita Krishnan1, Nicholas Silver

  • 1The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|June 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review evaluates drug and non-drug treatments for chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). It found 50 studies on interventions like acupuncture, CBT, and various medications, assessing their effectiveness and safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Evidence-based Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) is a prevalent neurological disorder, affecting 4.1% of the US population, with a higher incidence in women.
  • CTTH is characterized by frequent, daily headaches that can last for extended periods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the efficacy and safety of drug and non-drug interventions for chronic tension-type headache.
  • To answer key clinical questions regarding the treatment of CTTH.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive systematic review of medical literature was conducted.
  • Searches included Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library up to March 2007.
  • Included studies were systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies, with a GRADE evaluation of evidence quality.

Main Results:

  • Fifty eligible studies were identified for inclusion in the review.
  • The review evaluated a wide range of interventions for CTTH.
  • Evidence quality for each intervention was assessed using the GRADE system.

Conclusions:

  • The review provides information on the effectiveness and safety of numerous CTTH treatments.
  • Interventions examined include acupuncture, amitriptyline, analgesics, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, botulinum toxin, chiropractic/osteopathic manipulations, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Indian head massage, mirtazapine, relaxation/biofeedback, SSRIs, and other tricyclic antidepressants.