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Related Concept Videos

Thermodynamic Potentials01:26

Thermodynamic Potentials

Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
Calculation of First-Law Quantities II01:24

Calculation of First-Law Quantities II

The first law of thermodynamics establishes that the change in internal energy of a system is given by ΔU = q + w, where q is the heat exchanged, and w is the work performed. For a perfect gas, both internal energy (U) and enthalpy (H) depend solely on temperature. Consequently, for any change of state, whether reversible or irreversible, the internal energy change is determined by integrating the heat capacity at constant volume, and the enthalpy change by integrating the heat capacity at...
Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations01:23

Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations

Maxwell's thermodynamic relations are very useful in solving problems in thermodynamics. Each of Maxwell's relations relates a partial differential between quantities that can be hard to measure experimentally to a partial differential between quantities that can be easily measured. These relations are a set of equations derivable from the symmetry of the second derivatives and the thermodynamic potentials.
All thermodynamic potentials are exact differentials. Therefore, their second-order...
Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The tea and...
The Joule and Joule–Thomson Experiments01:23

The Joule and Joule–Thomson Experiments

Consider an adiabatic system composed of two chambers, A and B, designed such that no heat flows into or out of the system. Initially, chamber A is filled with a gas at a fixed temperature T1, pressure p1, and volume V1, while chamber B is evacuated. The gas is then gradually forced through a rigid, porous barrier to chamber B, ultimately reaching temperature T2, pressure p2, and volume V2. A piston on the right side maintains a constant pressure (p2), which is lower than p1. The significant...
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics01:14

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

Experimentally, if object A is in equilibrium with object B, and object B is in equilibrium with object C, then object A is in equilibrium with object C. That statement of transitivity is called the "zeroth law of thermodynamics." For example, a cold metal block and a hot metal block are both placed on a metal plate at room temperature. Eventually, the cold block and the plate will be in thermal equilibrium. In addition, the hot block and the plate will be in thermal equilibrium. By the zeroth...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers
08:44

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

Published on: October 24, 2018

Universal thermometry for quantum simulation.

Qi Zhou1, Tin-Lun Ho

  • 1Joint Quantum Institute and Condensed Matter Theory Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|June 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new thermometry method for cold atom quantum simulations. This technique accurately measures system temperature, crucial for understanding strongly correlated systems in quantum gas research.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers
08:44

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

Published on: October 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Quantum simulation
  • Cold atom research
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Quantum simulation uses cold atoms in optical lattices to study strongly correlated systems.
  • Determining the temperature of these systems is vital for analyzing thermodynamic properties.
  • Current methods for temperature measurement in lattice systems are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel and universal thermometry scheme for cold atom quantum gas systems.
  • To overcome the difficulties in measuring temperatures within lattice systems.
  • To provide an experimental tool for advancing quantum simulation research.

Main Methods:

  • The study proposes a method based on a generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorem.
  • This approach avoids the need for complex numerical simulations.
  • It is applicable to various quantum gas systems, including mixtures and spinor gases.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method offers a universal thermometry scheme.
  • It is valid under the local density approximation.
  • The technique is experimentally feasible for current cold atom setups.

Conclusions:

  • This new thermometry method is a significant advancement for quantum simulation.
  • It enables more accurate determination of thermodynamic properties in cold atom systems.
  • The approach facilitates the study of unsolved problems in condensed matter physics.