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Updated: May 31, 2026

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

Detecting single viruses and nanoparticles using whispering gallery microlasers.

Lina He¹, Sahin Kaya Ozdemir, Jiangang Zhu

¹Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.

Nature Nanotechnology

|June 28, 2011

Summary

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This study introduces a novel microlaser sensor for real-time, label-free detection of individual nanoscale objects like viruses and nanoparticles. The technology offers enhanced sensitivity for critical applications in health and security.

Area of Science:

Photonics and Nanotechnology
Biosensing and Diagnostics
Light-Matter Interactions

Background:

Label-free detection of nanoscale objects is crucial for human health, security, and environmental monitoring.
Small size and low refractive index contrast of nanoscale objects lead to weak light-matter interactions, hindering detection.
Micro- and nano-photonic devices, particularly whispering gallery mode resonators, offer enhanced sensitivity due to high quality factor (Q) and small mode volume (V).

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a highly sensitive, real-time, label-free detection system for individual nanoscale objects.
To overcome the limitations of existing methods in detecting very small nanoparticles and pathogens.
To leverage whispering gallery mode microlasers for enhanced detection capabilities.

Main Methods:

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

Label-free Single Molecule Detection Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators

Label-free Single Molecule Detection Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators

Published on: December 29, 2015

Utilized a whispering gallery mode microlaser with an ultra-narrow emission line.
Detected nanoscale objects by measuring changes in the microlaser's beat note, caused by mode splitting and interference.
Demonstrated detection of various nanoparticles (polystyrene, gold) and influenza A virions in different media (air, water).

Main Results:

Successfully detected individual 15-nm polystyrene nanoparticles and 10-nm gold nanoparticles in air.
Detected influenza A virions in air and 30-nm polystyrene nanoparticles in water.
Achieved a detection limit potentially lower than passive resonator sensors due to narrower microlaser linewidth.

Conclusions:

Whispering gallery mode microlaser sensors provide a powerful platform for real-time, label-free detection of single nanoscale objects.
The method surpasses the sensitivity of passive resonator sensors, enabling detection of smaller targets.
This technology holds significant promise for advancements in diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and security applications.