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Opposite-sex siblings decrease attraction, but not prosocial attributions, to self-resembling opposite-sex faces.

Lisa M DeBruine1, Benedict C Jones, Christopher D Watkins

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United Kingdom. l.debruine@abdn.ac.uk

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Having opposite-sex siblings directly influences inbreeding avoidance by altering perceptions of facial resemblance. This effect, particularly from younger brothers, shows a dissociation between inbreeding and prosocial behavior mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Behavioral Genetics

Background:

  • Kin recognition systems are thought to be modulated by contextual cues of genetic relatedness, influencing social behaviors like prosociality and inbreeding avoidance.
  • Previous research suggests these cues indirectly affect behavior by altering the perceived probability of relatedness to familiar individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test an alternative model where contextual kinship cues directly influence the kin-recognition system, affecting responses to both familiar and unfamiliar individuals.
  • To investigate whether experience with opposite-sex siblings directly impacts inbreeding-avoidance and prosocial mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Participants' perceptions of facial resemblance and trustworthiness were assessed in relation to self-resemblance.
  • The influence of having opposite-sex siblings (brothers) on these perceptions was examined.
  • Further analyses explored the impact of younger versus older brothers.

Main Results:

  • Women with brothers showed reduced attraction to self-resembling unfamiliar male faces compared to women without brothers.
  • Trustworthiness ratings of self-resemblance did not differ between groups.
  • The effect on attraction was primarily driven by the presence of younger brothers.

Conclusions:

  • Experience with opposite-sex siblings directly influences inbreeding-avoidance mechanisms, specifically altering perceptions of facial resemblance.
  • A functional dissociation exists between mechanisms regulating inbreeding avoidance and those regulating prosocial behavior toward kin.
  • Younger siblings, due to maternal-perinatal association, may provide a stronger direct cue for inbreeding avoidance.