Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
08:34

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Published on: December 14, 2012

Amblyopia

Stephanie West1, Cathy Williams

  • 1Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|July 1, 2011
PubMed

Insights

This review examines treatments for amblyopia (lazy eye), including vision therapy and glasses, and discusses early detection through screening. Evidence quality was assessed using GRADE.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Amblyopia, or lazy eye, affects 2-4% of children and is linked to strabismus or refractive errors during critical visual development periods.
  • Early visual development (under 7-8 years) is sensitive to differing visual inputs between eyes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of amblyopia interventions.
  • To evaluate treatments such as vision therapy, glasses, occlusion, and penalization.
  • To assess the efficacy of screening methods for early amblyopia detection.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review was conducted, searching major databases up to May 2010.
  • Included studies comprised systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies.
  • Harms alerts from regulatory agencies were also incorporated.

Main Results:

  • 33 relevant studies met the inclusion criteria.
  • The GRADE system was used to evaluate the quality of evidence for interventions.
  • Information on effectiveness and safety of various treatments and screening was compiled.

Conclusions:

  • The review synthesizes evidence on active vision therapy, glasses (with or without occlusion/penalization), and screening for amblyopia.
  • Effectiveness and safety data are presented for these interventions.
  • The findings support informed clinical decision-making regarding amblyopia management.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games06:25

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games

Published on: January 14, 2020

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...