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Extended focus high-speed swept source OCT with self-reconstructive illumination.

Cedric Blatter1, Branislav Grajciar, Christoph M Eigenwillig

  • 1Group of Biomedical Optics, Center of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

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Summary

This study introduces Bessel beam illumination for optical coherence tomography (OCT), enhancing imaging of scattering samples with extended focus and self-reconstruction properties for deeper visualization. This advanced OCT method improves sensitivity and vessel imaging, even through obstacles.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Optical Imaging
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Standard optical coherence tomography (OCT) faces challenges with highly scattering samples and limited dynamic range.
  • Bessel beams offer extended focus and self-reconstruction, properties not found in traditional Gaussian beams.
  • Decoupling illumination and detection can improve sensitivity and enable novel imaging modes like dark field imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and evaluate a Bessel beam illumination Fourier-domain mode-locked (FDML) OCT setup for enhanced structural and functional imaging.
  • To demonstrate the advantages of Bessel beams, including extended focus and self-reconstruction, for imaging challenging samples.
  • To explore dark field imaging and speckle variance analysis for improved sensitivity and capillary visualization.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a Bessel beam illumination FDOCT setup utilizing a 1300 nm FDML swept-source laser with a 440 kHz A-scan rate.
  • Utilizing the self-reconstruction property of Bessel beams for imaging through obstacles.
  • Employing decoupled Gaussian detection for enhanced sensitivity and dark field imaging.
  • Applying inter-B-scan speckle variance analysis for high-sensitivity capillary contrast.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an extended focus with Bessel beams, maintaining lateral resolution over a large depth range.
  • Demonstrated imaging through obstacles (e.g., skin hairs) due to Bessel beam self-reconstruction.
  • Enhanced global sensitivity and enabled dark field imaging, mitigating surface reflection issues.
  • Showcased high-sensitivity contrast for capillaries using speckle variance analysis.
  • Reduced phase decorrelation below vessels, leading to improved axial vessel definition.

Conclusions:

  • Bessel beam illumination in FDOCT offers significant advantages for imaging highly scattering biological tissues.
  • The extended focus and self-reconstruction properties enable deeper and clearer imaging, even in the presence of obstructions.
  • Combined techniques like dark field imaging and speckle variance analysis further enhance sensitivity and diagnostic capabilities for microvasculature.