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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Using Neutron Spin Echo Resolved Grazing Incidence Scattering to Investigate Organic Solar Cell Materials
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Using Neutron Spin Echo Resolved Grazing Incidence Scattering to Investigate Organic Solar Cell Materials

Published on: January 15, 2014

Organic spintronics.

I Bergenti1, V Dediu, M Prezioso

  • 1Institute of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy. i.bergenti@bo.ismn.cnr.it

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|July 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organic semiconductors are key for spintronics, enabling spin-polarized current in devices. This paper reviews their use, challenges, and future potential for advanced organic spin electronics.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Using Neutron Spin Echo Resolved Grazing Incidence Scattering to Investigate Organic Solar Cell Materials
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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Organic electronics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Organic semiconductors are gaining prominence in spintronics applications.
  • They have been successfully utilized as tunnel barriers in magnetoresistive devices and for spin-polarized current transport.
  • Significant progress has been made, yet challenges remain for device optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of fundamental concepts in organic semiconductor spintronics.
  • To present current research findings and highlight areas needing further investigation.
  • To discuss future prospects and potential advancements in organic spin devices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on spin transport in organic semiconductors.
  • Analysis of experimental results and theoretical models.
  • Discussion of challenges and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Organic semiconductors offer unique properties for spintronics.
  • Current research demonstrates their viability in specific device architectures.
  • Key challenges include improving spin polarization, transport length, and device reproducibility.

Conclusions:

  • Organic semiconductors are promising for next-generation spintronic devices.
  • Further research is crucial to overcome current limitations and enhance performance.
  • Future directions include multi-functional organic spin devices with improved efficiency.