Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Targeting the Mitochondrial Phenotype in Cockayne Syndrome Patient Cells: From Bioenergetic Fragility to Pharmacologic Rescue.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

High-concentration MEHP triggers mtDNA depletion in undifferentiated HepaRG and C2C12 cultures and disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis in both HepaRG culture states.

Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology·2026
Same author

Targeted long-read RNA sequencing for rare disease diagnosis and variant interpretation.

Science advances·2026
Same author

A Miniaturized Enzymatic Lactate Sensor for Continuous Monitoring in Oxygen-Depleted Tissue Microenvironments.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
Same author

In vitro modeling of nutritional and mitochondria-targeted therapies for osteosarcoma.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Cognate amino acid therapies provide preclinical benefit in 19 <i>C. elegans</i> models of ARS2 deficiency.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Laser vision correction (LASIK, PRK, SMILE) with simultaneous accelerated corneal crosslinking.

Current opinion in ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

Traumatic macular hole: observe, operate, or other options.

Current opinion in ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

The evolving role of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: basic science, translation, and clinical integration.

Current opinion in ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

Editorial: reducing risk for refractive surgery.

Current opinion in ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

Updates on Refractive Surgery: Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Modern Treatment Options.

Current opinion in ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

Corneal Allogeneic Intrastromal Ring Segments for keratoconus - recent evidence and the move to customized and custom shaped CAIRS.

Current opinion in ophthalmology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples
08:45

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples

Published on: August 4, 2021

Mitochondrial disorders and the eye.

Samantha A Schrier1, Marni J Falk

  • 1Division of Human Genetics and Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|July 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial diseases cause various eye problems, affecting the optic nerve, retina, and muscles. New therapies are emerging to optimize mitochondrial function for these and age-related eye conditions.

More Related Videos

Using Live Cell STED Imaging to Visualize Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Ultrastructure in Neuronal Cell Models
08:48

Using Live Cell STED Imaging to Visualize Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Ultrastructure in Neuronal Cell Models

Published on: June 30, 2023

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:47

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 9, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples
08:45

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples

Published on: August 4, 2021

Using Live Cell STED Imaging to Visualize Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Ultrastructure in Neuronal Cell Models
08:48

Using Live Cell STED Imaging to Visualize Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Ultrastructure in Neuronal Cell Models

Published on: June 30, 2023

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:47

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 9, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial diseases are energy metabolism disorders with diverse ocular and systemic effects.
  • Ophthalmologic manifestations are common in primary mitochondrial diseases and aging-related conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review recent advances in understanding ophthalmologic manifestations of primary mitochondrial diseases.
  • Discuss the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in common age-related eye disorders.
  • Highlight emerging therapies for mitochondrial-based eye conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on mitochondrial ophthalmologic disorders.
  • Analysis of novel genetic mutations and their ocular impact.
  • Evaluation of emerging therapeutic strategies, including gene and antioxidant therapies.

Main Results:

  • New mitochondrial DNA mutations identified in various populations affecting optic nerve, retina, and extraocular muscles.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction implicated in diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma.
  • Proteins like prohibitin and MMP2 identified as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
  • Therapies targeting mitochondrial function show promise for ocular neoplasms.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in both primary genetic and common age-related eye diseases.
  • Emerging therapies aim to optimize mitochondrial function for treating various ophthalmologic disorders.
  • Understanding mitochondrial pathways opens new avenues for diagnosis and treatment.