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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Using a Virtual Store As a Research Tool to Investigate Consumer In-store Behavior
09:17

Using a Virtual Store As a Research Tool to Investigate Consumer In-store Behavior

Published on: July 24, 2017

Event-based prospective remembering in a virtual world.

Steven L Trawley1, Anna S Law, Robert H Logie

  • 1Human Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. strawley@staffmail.ed.ac.uk

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|July 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated prospective memory (PM) in a virtual environment where participants controlled cue access. Better planning and working memory predicted fewer prospective memory failures when participants initiated cue encounters.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Using a Virtual Store As a Research Tool to Investigate Consumer In-store Behavior
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Published on: July 24, 2017

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Laboratory prospective memory (PM) studies often use experimenter-controlled cues, differing from real-world participant-driven cue encounters.
  • Previous research shows conflicting results between laboratory and naturalistic PM studies, highlighting the need to investigate participant-driven cue access in controlled settings.
  • The relationship between participant-driven cue availability and planned intentions in prospective memory remains poorly understood, particularly in healthy young adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine prospective memory (PM) performance in a controlled laboratory setting using a novel methodology where participant actions determine PM cue availability.
  • To investigate the influence of participant-driven cue access on prospective memory failures in healthy young adults.
  • To understand the relationship between prospective memory, planned intentions, and individual difference measures like working memory and planning ability.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel virtual reality paradigm simulating real-world errands within a virtual building.
  • Defined prospective memory failure as entering and exiting a cue area without performing the errand, while still recalling the intention.
  • Assessed individual differences in verbal working memory span, planning ability, and prospective memory using established measures.

Main Results:

  • Multiple regression analysis revealed that verbal working memory span, planning ability, and prospective memory were significant predictors of prospective memory failure.
  • Correlational analyses indicated that adherence to an initial plan, regardless of its quality, was associated with better overall prospective memory performance.
  • Participant-driven access to prospective memory cues in a virtual environment provides a valuable method for studying real-world memory challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Participant-driven cue availability in prospective memory tasks is crucial and influenced by cognitive factors like working memory and planning.
  • Adherence to plans is a key factor in successful prospective memory, even in simulated environments.
  • This novel virtual methodology offers a more ecologically valid approach to studying prospective memory in laboratory settings.