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Dextromethorphan abuse in Texas, 2000-2009.

Mathias B Forrester¹

¹Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries Section, Texas Department of State Health Services, 1100 W 49th Street, Austin, TX 78756, USA. mathias.forrester@dshs.state.tx.us

Journal of Addictive Diseases

|July 13, 2011

Summary

Dextromethorphan (DXM) abuse is a growing concern. Coricidin products were involved in over half of DXM misuse cases reported in Texas from 2000-2009, primarily affecting adolescents.

Area of Science:

Toxicology
Public Health

Background:

Dextromethorphan (DXM) is an over-the-counter cough suppressant.
Increasing intentional misuse and abuse of DXM-containing products present a public health challenge in the United States.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and analyze intentional misuse or abuse ingestions of DXM-containing products reported to Texas poison centers between 2000 and 2009.
To determine the distribution of these ingestions based on various factors.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of case data from Texas poison centers.
Inclusion criteria: intentional misuse or abuse ingestions of DXM-containing products.
Data collected on product involved, patient demographics, and outcomes.

Main Results:

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A total of 3,421 cases were identified.
Coricidin® products were implicated in 53.6% of cases.
The majority of patients were male (60.4%) and adolescents aged 13-19 (69.0%).
Potentially serious outcomes occurred in 46.2% of cases, with 83.1% requiring health care facility management.

Conclusions:

Dextromethorphan abuse, particularly involving Coricidin products, is a significant issue among adolescents in Texas.
The pattern of DXM abuse cases showed fluctuations over the decade.
A substantial proportion of DXM abuse ingestions lead to serious outcomes, necessitating medical intervention.