Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

65.0K
Overview
65.0K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

3.7K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
3.7K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

13.7K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
13.7K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.2K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

7.1K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
7.1K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

2.4K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Response of B Cells Specific for Polyomavirus-Derived Oncoprotein Is Predictive of Merkel Cell Carcinoma Tumor Control.

Cancer immunology research·2026
Same author

Varicella zoster virus and the central nervous system.

Nature reviews. Microbiology·2026
Same author

TCR2HLA: Calibrated inference of HLA genotypes from TCR repertoires enables identification of immunologically relevant metaclonotypes.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same author

Differentiating mpox infection and vaccination using a validated multiplex orthopoxvirus IgG serology assay.

Journal of clinical microbiology·2025
Same author

Differentiating Mpox Infection and Vaccination Using a Validated Multiplex Orthopoxvirus IgG Serology Assay.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Circulating Neoantigen- and Viral Oncoprotein-Specific CD8+ T Cells Share a Transcriptional Signature.

Cancer immunology research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
09:27

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

Published on: May 30, 2013

10.6K

Protective HIV-specific CD8+ T cells evade Treg cell suppression.

Shokrollah Elahi1, Warren L Dinges, Nicholas Lejarcegui

  • 1Viral Vaccine Program, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (Seattle Biomed), Seattle, Washington, USA.

Nature Medicine
|July 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types, like HLA-B*27 and HLA-B*57, help control HIV-1. These HLA types prevent regulatory T cells from suppressing HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells, aiding in delayed disease progression.

More Related Videos

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
09:26

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function

Published on: October 16, 2013

13.1K
Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
07:17

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

Published on: June 22, 2016

9.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
09:27

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

Published on: May 30, 2013

10.6K
In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
09:26

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function

Published on: October 16, 2013

13.1K
Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
07:17

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

Published on: June 22, 2016

9.5K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, particularly HLA-B*27 and HLA-B*57, are linked to better control of HIV-1 infection.
  • While most HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells lose function in chronic infection, those associated with protective HLA alleles maintain proliferative capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms by which HLA-B*27 and HLA-B*57 contribute to HIV-1 control at the T cell level.
  • To understand the interaction between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells restricted by protective versus nonprotective HLA alleles.

Main Methods:

  • Ex vivo analysis of CD8(+) T cell suppression by Tregs in individuals with different HLA types.
  • Assessment of T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) expression on stimulated HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells.
  • Investigation of granzyme B (GzmB)-dependent killing of Tregs by protective HLA-restricted CD8(+) T cells.

Main Results:

  • CD8(+) T cells restricted by protective HLA alleles (HLA-B*27, HLA-B*57) are resistant to Treg-mediated suppression.
  • HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells restricted by nonprotective HLA alleles are highly suppressed by Tregs.
  • Differential expression of Tim-3 on HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells correlates with Treg sensitivity.
  • HLA-B*27- and HLA-B*57-restricted CD8(+) T cells kill Tregs in a GzmB-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

  • Protective HLA alleles confer resistance to Treg-mediated suppression on HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells.
  • This resistance is partly mediated by Tim-3 expression and direct killing of Tregs via GzmB.
  • These mechanisms provide a novel explanation for the association between HLA-B*27/HLA-B*57 and delayed HIV-1 disease progression.