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Related Concept Videos

Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
08:05

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

Published on: March 23, 2022

Modeling relapse situations in the human laboratory.

Rajita Sinha1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street Room S110, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. rajita.sinha@yale.edu

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
|July 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic alcoholism involves stress and reward pathways, creating a cycle of relapse. This study shows stress pathway dysregulation predicts relapse risk in alcohol-dependent individuals, informing new treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Alcoholism is a chronic, relapsing condition influenced by stress.
  • Alcohol consumption impacts stress and reward pathways, creating a reciprocal relationship with alcoholism development and course.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research assessing stress pathway integrity in alcoholism.
  • To determine if altered stress pathway responses contribute to relapse risk.
  • To explore the predictive value of laboratory models for alcohol relapse.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing validated human laboratory procedures to model common relapse triggers.
  • Examining empirical findings from human laboratory and brain imaging studies.
  • Assessing stress pathway responses in alcohol-dependent individuals during craving states.

Main Results:

  • Specific stress-related dysregulation is observed during alcohol craving.
  • Increased alcohol seeking behavior is linked to heightened relapse risk.
  • Laboratory models effectively predict subsequent alcohol relapse in individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Altered stress pathway function is a significant factor in alcoholism relapse.
  • Targeting stress processes and alcohol craving may improve treatment outcomes.
  • Findings support the development of novel interventions for alcoholism recovery.