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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Acupoint Application as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Fatigue Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Chronic fatigue syndrome: understanding a complex illness.

Stephen T Holgate1, Anthony L Komaroff, Dennis Mangan

  • 1University of Southampton, Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Division, School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. sth@soton.ac.uk

Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
|July 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains controversial, with ongoing debates regarding its existence, causes, and treatments. This review explores expert views on CFS and future research directions for better understanding this complex illness.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complex, debilitating illness with significant controversy surrounding its recognition, etiology, and management.
  • Disagreements persist between patient advocacy groups and the medical/research community regarding CFS's fundamental aspects.
  • The central nervous system (CNS) is widely considered to play a crucial role in CFS pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To gather and present diverse expert perspectives on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).
  • To explore current understanding and ongoing debates regarding the causes and mechanisms of CFS.
  • To outline future research directions for improving the diagnosis and treatment of CFS.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes the opinions of four leading scientists actively involved in CFS research.
  • Expert viewpoints were collected through interviews and discussions facilitated by Nature Reviews Neuroscience.
  • The content focuses on expert consensus and differing opinions on CFS etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.

Main Results:

  • The central role of the CNS in CFS is a key point of discussion among experts.
  • Significant scientific and public health challenges exist in establishing a unified understanding of CFS.
  • There is a recognized need for continued research to clarify CFS's underlying mechanisms and effective therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to resolve controversies and advance the understanding of chronic fatigue syndrome.
  • A multidisciplinary approach integrating neuroscience, immunology, and other fields is crucial for CFS research.
  • Improving the scientific and clinical understanding of CFS is vital for patient care and advocacy.