Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Uncovering the viral aetiology of undiagnosed acute febrile illness in Uganda using metagenomic sequencing.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Widespread human exposure to ledanteviruses in Uganda: A population study.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases·2024
Same author

Emerging Rhabdoviruses and Human Infection.

Biology·2023
Same author

Directions of change in intrinsic case severity across successive SARS-CoV-2 variant waves have been inconsistent.

The Journal of infection·2023
Same author

The SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant was associated with increased clinical severity of COVID-19 in Scotland: A genomics-based retrospective cohort analysis.

PloS one·2023
Same author

Seoul Virus Associated with Pet Rats, Scotland, UK, 2019.

Emerging infectious diseases·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response
06:31

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Published on: October 3, 2019

FDA-sunlamp recommended Maximum Timer Interval And Exposure Schedule: consensus ISO/CIE dose equivalence.

John C Dowdy1, Eugene A Czako, Michael E Stepp

  • 1Rapid Precision Testing Laboratories, Cordova, TN, USA. RPTLDowdy@aol.com

Health Physics
|July 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

New sunlamp exposure limits proposed by the USFDA/CDRH may significantly increase UV exposure. A revised maximum of 500 J(CIE) m(-2) is suggested for tanning equipment to ensure biological equivalence.

More Related Videos

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
06:24

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Published on: May 28, 2013

Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED
10:18

Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED

Published on: March 19, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response
06:31

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Published on: October 3, 2019

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
06:24

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Published on: May 28, 2013

Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED
10:18

Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED

Published on: March 19, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Photobiology
  • Medical Device Regulation
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Current USFDA sunlamp guidance uses unique erythema action spectrum and timer intervals.
  • USFDA/CDRH proposed revisions in 2003 to align with ISO/CIE standards, aiming for biological equivalence.
  • Preliminary analyses suggested these revisions could lead to increased UV exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare current USFDA sunlamp exposure limits with proposed USFDA/CDRH revisions.
  • To verify and quantify the erythemal dose equivalence between current and proposed sunlamp exposure policies.
  • To propose a revised maximum exposure limit and tanning schedule compatible with existing equipment and standards.

Main Methods:

  • Calculated sunlamp maximum exposure times based on current USFDA policy and proposed USFDA/CDRH revisions.
  • Utilized 89 UV spectra from U.S. indoor tanning equipment provided by manufacturers.
  • Determined CIE effective dose per USFDA maximum recommended exposure time (Te) and compared it to ISO/CIE Standard Erythema Dose (SED).

Main Results:

  • The CIE effective dose per Te averaged 456 J(CIE) m(-2) (approx. 4.5 SED) across analyzed tanning equipment.
  • The USFDA/CDRH proposed 600 J(CIE) m(-2) maximum exposure exceeds current Te erythemal dose by approximately 33%.
  • No analyzed sunlamps exceeded 5 SED, suggesting a revised maximum of 500 J(CIE) m(-2) is feasible.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed USFDA/CDRH revisions do not ensure biological equivalence and may increase UV exposure.
  • A revised maximum exposure limit of 500 J(CIE) m(-2) is recommended for compatibility with current tanning equipment.
  • A phased tanning acclimatization and maintenance schedule, starting at 1 SED and increasing to 5 SED, is proposed as biologically equivalent to current USFDA policy.