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Experimental philosophy.

Joshua Knobe1, Wesley Buckwalter, Shaun Nichols

  • 1Program in Cognitive Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8306, USA. joshua.knobe@yale.edu

Annual Review of Psychology
|August 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Experimental philosophy uses psychological methods to explore philosophical questions about morality, free will, and consciousness. This review examines empirical research on these core areas of human intuition and belief.

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy
  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Experimental philosophy (X-Phi) integrates empirical methods into philosophical inquiry.
  • It investigates core philosophical questions using data from human judgments and intuitions.
  • This field challenges traditional philosophical approaches by grounding concepts in empirical evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review empirical research in experimental philosophy.
  • To explore findings on four central philosophical questions: moral judgment influence, moral objectivity vs. relativism, free will beliefs, and consciousness attribution.
  • To synthesize current understanding of how people reason about complex philosophical concepts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental philosophy studies.
  • Analysis of empirical data on human intuitions and judgments.
  • Synthesis of research findings across diverse philosophical domains.

Main Results:

  • Moral judgments often influence nonmoral intuitions.
  • Public views on moral objectivity versus relativism are complex and varied.
  • Belief in free will is widespread, with varying compatibility views regarding determinism.
  • Criteria for attributing consciousness are diverse and context-dependent.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental philosophy provides empirical insights into fundamental philosophical questions.
  • Human intuitions about morality, free will, and consciousness are shaped by psychological factors.
  • Further empirical research is needed to fully understand the philosophical landscape of human cognition.