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Updated: May 30, 2026

Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes
Published on: April 1, 2013
An expeditious and efficient synthesis of highly functionalized [1,6]-naphthyridines under catalyst-free conditions
Chhanda Mukhopadhyay1, Paramita Das, Ray J Butcher
1Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India. cmukhop@yahoo.co.in
Abstract:
This is the first report of an innovative, one-pot, catalyst-free, pseudo-five-component synthesis of 1,2-dihydro[1,6]naphthyridines from methyl ketones, amines, and malononitrile in ecofriendly solvent water. The protocol avoids the use of expensive catalysts, toxic organic solvents and anhydrous condition. The approach to naphthyridines presented herein offers for the first time an unprecedented coupling which leads to the construction of both the nitrogen containing rings during the synthesis without starting from any nitrogen-containing heterocycle moiety.
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