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A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
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Published on: October 28, 2022

Lesser toe deformities.

Khalid Shirzad1, Carter D Kiesau, James K DeOrio

  • 1Northwest Orthopaedic Specialist, Spokane, WA, USA.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|August 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Lesser toe deformities result from muscle imbalances, often caused by footwear, trauma, or disease. Treatment ranges from conservative measures to surgical interventions like tendon transfers or bone procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Podiatry
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Lesser toe deformities stem from anatomical changes leading to intrinsic and extrinsic muscle imbalances.
  • Common etiologies include ill-fitting footwear, trauma, genetic predisposition, inflammatory arthritis, and neuromuscular or metabolic disorders.
  • Characteristic deformities encompass mallet toe, hammer toe, claw toe, curly toe, and crossover toe, alongside metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint abnormalities like hallux valgus and lesser MTP joint instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of lesser toe deformities, including their causes, types, and management strategies.
  • To elucidate the spectrum of deformities affecting the lesser toes and associated foot structures.
  • To differentiate between nonsurgical and surgical treatment modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on lesser toe deformities.
  • Analysis of etiological factors and clinical presentations.
  • Categorization of management options into conservative and surgical approaches.

Main Results:

  • Lesser toe deformities arise from muscle imbalances, influenced by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
  • A range of deformities exist, affecting the toes and MTP joints, sometimes in conjunction with midfoot and hindfoot issues.
  • Nonsurgical interventions aim to alleviate pressure and correct deformities using appliances.

Conclusions:

  • Management strategies for lesser toe deformities are tailored to individual patient needs, progressing from conservative to surgical options.
  • Surgical interventions are reserved for cases unresponsive to nonsurgical treatment and include soft-tissue and bony procedures.
  • A combination of techniques may be employed for optimal correction of complex deformities.