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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Operation in Rats
07:37

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Published on: June 11, 2012

Gastric bypass does not influence olfactory function in obese patients.

Brynn E Richardson1, Eric A Vanderwoude, Ranjan Sudan

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3280, USA.

Obesity Surgery
|August 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Morbidly obese individuals often have impaired smell. Gastric bypass surgery did not affect olfactory function, suggesting smell dysfunction may contribute to obesity development.

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Area of Science:

  • Bariatric Surgery
  • Olfactory Function
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Morbid obesity is linked to altered senses of taste and smell.
  • Gastric bypass (GBP) is known to affect taste, but its impact on smell remains unevaluated.
  • Olfactory changes post-GBP could influence dietary habits and weight management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of gastric bypass surgery and subsequent weight loss on olfactory function.
  • To compare olfactory function changes in patients undergoing GBP versus cholecystectomy (CC).

Main Methods:

  • Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT) administered preoperatively and at multiple time points postoperatively (2 weeks to 12 months) for GBP patients.
  • Comparison group: patients undergoing cholecystectomy (CC) alone.
  • Body Mass Index (BMI) was monitored throughout the study.

Main Results:

  • Preoperatively, GBP patients had a significantly higher BMI and a greater prevalence of abnormal smell identification compared to CC patients.
  • Olfactory function did not significantly differ between GBP and CC groups at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively.
  • Absolute olfactory dysfunction (AOD) persisted up to 12 months after GBP, with most affected patients no longer being obese.

Conclusions:

  • Gastric bypass surgery does not appear to negatively impact olfactory function.
  • Pre-existing olfactory dysfunction in morbidly obese individuals is not resolved by weight loss following GBP.
  • Olfactory dysfunction may be a contributing factor in the development and persistence of obesity.