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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:28

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview

Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the appropriate...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:19

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Pharmaceutical products contain more than just the active drug; they also contain various excipients such as binders, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, and other elements. In some cases, impurities or contaminants might be present. Traditionally, quality control in pharmaceuticals has primarily focused on the analysis of the active drug, often overlooking the impact of these additional components. The recent issue with heparin contamination by over-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, a...

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Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins
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Pharmaceutical cocrystals: an overview.

Ning Qiao1, Mingzhong Li, Walkiria Schlindwein

  • 1School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|August 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharmaceutical cocrystals offer enhanced drug properties, driving research in design and formation. This overview covers strategies, methods, characterization, and theoretical advances for these novel solid forms.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins
11:14

Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins

Published on: January 6, 2017

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
11:20

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09:09

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Pharmaceutical cocrystals represent a novel class of solid drug forms.
  • They exhibit improved physicochemical properties compared to conventional forms.
  • Growing interest from industry and academia highlights their potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a systematic overview of pharmaceutical cocrystals.
  • To focus on key aspects including design, formation, and characterization.
  • To discuss recent theoretical developments and screening approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pharmaceutical cocrystal research.
  • Systematic compilation of cocrystal design strategies.
  • Summary of formation methods and characterization techniques.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of cocrystal design principles.
  • Exploration of various cocrystal formation techniques.
  • Summary of physicochemical property studies and characterization methods.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmaceutical cocrystals offer significant advantages in drug development.
  • Understanding design, formation, and characterization is crucial.
  • Further theoretical advancements will aid in cocrystal screening and mechanism elucidation.