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Related Concept Videos

Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate01:25

Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate

Aggregate shape is classified based on the relative sharpness or roundness of the edges and corners. This classification includes categories like rounded, angular, elongated, and flaky, each with specific characteristics. Rounded aggregates, fully shaped by attrition, are typical of river or seashore gravel, while angular aggregates, such as crushed rock, have well-defined edges. Aggregates that are elongated and flaky are less desirable, as they can reduce the workability and strength of...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Lumber Defects01:23

Lumber Defects

Lumber defects, which can affect both the appearance and structural integrity of wood, include a variety of growth and manufacturing flaws. Growth defects such as knots and knotholes occur where branches were once attached to the tree trunk, with knotholes forming when these knots fall out. Other natural defects include decay and insect damage, which compromise the wood's strength and durability.
Shakes are minor fractures that run along or across the wood's annual rings, while wane is...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

A Rat Model of Compound Acne
03:10

A Rat Model of Compound Acne

Published on: November 1, 2024

Lumps and bumps.

Penelope Ann Bryant1, Delane V Shingadia

  • 1Great Ormond Street Hospital, Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|August 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A child with skin lumps and tibial osteomyelitis was diagnosed with tuberculosis after initial treatments failed. Prompt antituberculous therapy led to improvement in skin lesions, highlighting the importance of considering tuberculosis in endemic cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Disseminated tuberculosis can present with unusual cutaneous manifestations.
  • Osteomyelitis is a rare but serious complication of tuberculosis, particularly in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of a child with multifocal cutaneous lumps and tibial osteomyelitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic challenges and treatment approach for disseminated tuberculosis in a pediatric patient with a history of travel to an endemic area.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation of an 8-year-old boy with multiple cutaneous lumps and bone erosion.
  • Diagnostic workup including imaging (ultrasound, CT scan), biopsy, and microbiological tests (Ziehl-Neilsen, Gram stain, TST, Quantiferon).
  • Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pus aspirate.

Main Results:

  • Cutaneous lumps and tibial osteomyelitis were identified.
  • Standard antibiotics and antifungals were ineffective.
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured, confirming tuberculosis.
  • The patient showed improvement in skin lesions after initiating quadruple antituberculous therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Disseminated tuberculosis should be considered in children presenting with unexplained cutaneous lesions and osteomyelitis, especially with a travel history to endemic regions.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate antituberculous therapy are crucial for managing this condition.
  • Long-term monitoring is necessary to assess the outcome of osteomyelitis.