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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid
05:59

Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid

Published on: September 27, 2024

Triaminocyclopropenium salts as ionic liquids.

Owen J Curnow1, Douglas R MacFarlane, Kelvin J Walst

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand. owen.curnow@canterbury.ac.nz

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|August 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized air- and water-stable ionic liquids from triaminocyclopropenium (tac) cations with alkyl substituents. These novel tac-based salts offer potential applications as robust ionic liquids in various chemical processes.

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Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ionic liquids are salts with low melting points, often exhibiting unique solvent properties.
  • The triaminocyclopropenium (tac) cation is a unique, charge-delocalized organic cation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel ionic liquids based on triaminocyclopropenium (tac) cations.
  • To evaluate the stability and properties of these new tac-based ionic liquids.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of triaminocyclopropenium (tac) salts with various alkyl substituents.
  • Characterization of the synthesized salts, including stability tests (air and water).

Main Results:

  • Successful preparation of triaminocyclopropenium (tac) cation salts.
  • Demonstrated air- and water-stability of these novel salts, classifying them as ionic liquids.
  • Alkyl substituents were incorporated onto the tac cation.

Conclusions:

  • Triaminocyclopropenium (tac) based salts represent a new class of stable ionic liquids.
  • These findings expand the scope of accessible ionic liquid structures for potential applications.