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Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction01:25

Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction

DefinitionDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by a triad of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >250 mg/dL), ketonemia or ketonuria, and metabolic acidosis (arterial pH <7.30 and serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L). It results from insulin deficiency combined with elevated levels of counterregulatory hormones—glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and growth hormone—leading to increased lipolysis, hepatic ketone production, and...
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Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Hypoglycemia01:26

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Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas
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Glucagonoma syndrome: a case report.

Pablo Granero Castro1, Alberto Miyar de León, Jose Granero Trancón

  • 1Department of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain. pgranerocastro@aecirujanos.es.

Journal of Medical Case Reports
|August 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Glucagonoma syndrome, a rare condition, presents with distinctive skin rashes and other symptoms due to a pancreatic tumor. Early diagnosis and surgical resection offer the only potential cure for this rare disease.

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Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas
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11:10

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice

Published on: November 16, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Glucagonoma syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic phenomenon associated with glucagon-producing pancreatic alpha-cell tumors.
  • It presents with a constellation of symptoms including necrolytic migratory erythema, hyperglucagonemia, diabetes mellitus, anemia, weight loss, and gastrointestinal disturbances.
  • Necrolytic migratory erythema is often the initial and most recognizable manifestation, highlighting the importance of early suspicion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of glucagonoma syndrome.
  • To emphasize the importance of recognizing unusual initial manifestations for timely diagnosis and treatment.
  • To highlight surgical resection as a curative treatment option.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 70-year-old Caucasian woman diagnosed with glucagonoma syndrome.
  • The patient had an alpha-cell tumor located in the pancreatic tail.
  • Treatment involved successful surgical resection of the tumor.

Main Results:

  • The patient with glucagonoma syndrome was successfully treated with surgical resection.
  • Complete surgical removal of the glucagon-producing tumor led to resolution of the syndrome.
  • This case underscores the curable nature of glucagonoma with early intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for glucagonoma syndrome, even with atypical presentations.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for effective management.
  • Complete surgical resection of the pancreatic tumor offers the only chance for a cure.