Researching routine immunization-do we know what we don't know?

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Immunization Programs
• Global Health

Background:

• The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) has aimed to increase vaccine access since 1974.
• Despite progress, millions of infants remain under-immunized, especially in low-income countries.
• A 2009 CDC expert panel convened to identify research needs for strengthening immunization services in developing nations.

Framework:

• Identified research opportunities by reviewing existing studies, knowledge gaps, and critical questions.
• Panel members and participants prioritized research topics based on their perceived importance.
• A consensus emerged on 28 priority research areas for improving immunization programs.

Implementation:

• Research needs spanned increasing vaccine coverage, introducing new vaccines, integrating services, and financing immunization.
• Few topics reached consensus for immediate research investment.
• Priorities included scaling up proven best practices and aligning operational research with programmatic needs.

Implications:

• Strategic plan implementation, rather than further research, is crucial for boosting immunization rates.
• Effective implementation of immunization strategies can prevent disease, disability, and death.
• Focusing on country-specific, scalable best practices is essential for maximizing impact.