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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Solubility03:00

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
10:56

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

Active colloidal suspensions exhibit polar order under gravity.

Mihaela Enculescu1, Holger Stark

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|August 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active Brownian particles exhibit sedimentation behavior influenced by their swimming speed. Theoretical analysis reveals this sedimentation length increase is linked to particle alignment against gravity, suggesting a generalized free energy model.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
09:26

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Colloidal Science
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Experimental studies observed sedimentation length increasing quadratically with active Brownian particle speed.
  • Understanding the theoretical underpinnings of active particle sedimentation is crucial for soft matter physics.
  • Chemically powered colloids exhibit complex dynamics under external fields like gravity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the sedimentation of self-propelled particles with translational and rotational diffusion.
  • To explain the observed quadratic relationship between sedimentation length and swimming speed.
  • To explore the emergence of polar order in active particle suspensions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of active Brownian particles including diffusion and self-propulsion.
  • Analysis of sedimentation profiles under gravitational force.
  • Derivation of dynamics from a generalized free energy functional.

Main Results:

  • Theoretical findings confirm the sedimentation length increases quadratically with swimming speed.
  • A partial alignment of the suspension against gravity is identified as the mechanism for increased sedimentation length.
  • Realistic parameters are proposed for observing this polar order in experiments.

Conclusions:

  • The sedimentation behavior of active colloids is governed by self-propulsion and orientational dynamics.
  • Emergent polar order in active suspensions can be theoretically described and experimentally observed.
  • A generalized free energy functional provides a framework for understanding active suspension dynamics.