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Related Concept Videos

Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies01:11

Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies

In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...
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Types of Damping01:20

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing
08:54

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

Published on: February 13, 2018

Wave drag on floating bodies.

Marie Le Merrer1, Christophe Clanet, David Quéré

  • 1Ladhyx, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7646, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-École Polytechnique, 91120 Palaiseau, France. marie.le-merrer@polytechnique.org

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid nitrogen drops decelerate due to wave resistance on liquid surfaces, not solid ones. Increasing bath viscosity reduces this energy dissipation, as predicted by a stationary wake model.

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Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions

Published on: February 17, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Surface phenomena
  • Cryogenics

Background:

  • Understanding fluid behavior at interfaces is crucial for various applications.
  • Previous studies have focused on solid-liquid interactions, with less attention to liquid-liquid interfaces for cryogenic fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the deceleration of liquid nitrogen drops on a liquid bath.
  • To investigate the role of wave resistance in this phenomenon.
  • To explore the effect of bath viscosity on energy dissipation.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurement of liquid nitrogen drop deceleration.
  • Surface tension and viscosity measurements of the liquid bath.
  • Comparison of experimental data with theoretical models.

Main Results:

  • Friction force on water was 10-100 times greater than on solid substrates, attributed to wave resistance.
  • Increased bath viscosity led to decreased energy dissipation due to wave damping.
  • A model based on a vertical force on a finite area accurately predicted resistance for stationary wakes.

Conclusions:

  • Wave resistance is the dominant factor for liquid nitrogen drop deceleration on liquid surfaces.
  • Bath viscosity significantly influences energy dissipation, with higher viscosity reducing it.
  • The stationary wake model provides a good approximation for predicting resistance under specific conditions.