Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
Effect of Sea Water on Concrete01:22

Effect of Sea Water on Concrete

Concrete exposed to seawater can undergo degradation like the dissolution of ettringite and gypsum, increasing the material's porosity and decreasing its strength. In contrast, the crystallization of salts within the concrete's pores can cause expansion, particularly above the waterline where evaporation occurs. Nonetheless, this expansion only happens when seawater, enabled by the concrete's permeability, manages to infiltrate the structure.
Concrete in areas between tide marks, which undergo...
Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies01:11

Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies

In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...
Buoyancy01:12

Buoyancy

When an object is placed in a fluid, it either floats or sinks. All objects in a fluid experience a buoyant force. For example, a metal ball sinks, while a rubber ball floats. Similarly, a submarine can sink and float by adjusting its buoyancy.  The concept of buoyancy raises several interesting questions. For instance, where does this buoyant force come from? How much buoyant force is required to make an object sink or float? Do objects that sink get any support at all from the fluid? 
To get...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Optimizing Risk Communication for Lynch Syndrome: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Visual Arrays for Genetic Testing.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Overestimation of variability in ensembles of color value and size.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2025
Same author

Narrative visualizations: Depicting accumulating risks and increasing trust in data.

Cognitive research: principles and implications·2025
Same author

Variability of dot spread is overestimated.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2022
Same author

Visual bias could impede diagnostic accuracy of breast cancer calcifications.

Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.)·2022
Same author

Eliminating the Low-Prevalence Effect in Visual Search With a Remarkably Simple Strategy.

Psychological science·2022
Same journal

Predictive models and parameter analysis for multiple tactile perceptions in skin-wet fabrics interface.

Perception·2026
Same journal

High-resolution kitsch by AI: Why society needs art, not more AI content.

Perception·2026
Same journal

Benchmarking spatial discrimination thresholds of two-frame motion defined forms compared to luminance and stereoscopic defined forms.

Perception·2026
Same journal

The effect of face masks on the perception of trustworthiness and competence in individuals with autistic traits.

Perception·2026
Same journal

The importance of external features for categorizing ethnicity: can Koreans identify Korean, Japanese, and Chinese faces?

Perception·2026
Same journal

Interoception, alexithymia, and motor congruency: Psychological drivers of body ownership in virtual reality.

Perception·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes
05:12

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Published on: May 20, 2011

Action-specific effects underwater.

Jessica K Witt1, Donald M Schuck, J Eric T Taylor

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. jkwitt@purdue.edu

Perception
|September 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Action-specific perception effects, common on land, do not extend underwater. Instead, underwater distance perception depends on swimming ability, with better swimmers judging targets as closer.

More Related Videos

Long-term Behavioral Tracking of Freely Swimming Weakly Electric Fish
10:56

Long-term Behavioral Tracking of Freely Swimming Weakly Electric Fish

Published on: March 6, 2014

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response
11:56

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response

Published on: November 12, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes
05:12

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Published on: May 20, 2011

Long-term Behavioral Tracking of Freely Swimming Weakly Electric Fish
10:56

Long-term Behavioral Tracking of Freely Swimming Weakly Electric Fish

Published on: March 6, 2014

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response
11:56

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response

Published on: November 12, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Environmental psychology
  • Human perception

Background:

  • Action-specific effects influence perception in terrestrial environments, where task difficulty alters perceived distance.
  • It remains unclear if these effects generalize to novel environments like underwater, which may rely more on geometric precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether action-specific effects on perceived distance extend to an underwater environment.
  • To determine if perceived underwater distance is influenced by factors other than action-specific cues, such as swimming ability.

Main Methods:

  • Participants estimated underwater target distances under manipulated swimming ease (with or without flippers).
  • Swimming ability was assessed to correlate with distance judgments.

Main Results:

  • Participants wearing swimming flippers judged underwater targets to be closer than those without flippers.
  • Individuals with greater swimming ability perceived targets as being closer than less capable swimmers.

Conclusions:

  • Perceived distance underwater is not governed by action-specific effects in the same way as on land.
  • Underwater distance perception appears to be primarily a function of the individual's swimming ability and efficiency.