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Related Concept Videos

Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
The Extracellular Matrix01:42

The Extracellular Matrix

Overview
The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...

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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Cleft Palatoplasty: Challenges and Innovations.

Annals of plastic surgery·2026
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Long-term Outcomes of Porous Polyethylene Cranioplasty for Large Cranial Defects in Children: Assessment of Clinical Results and Cranial Growth.

The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·2026
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Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle Tenopexy During Furlow Palatoplasty Fails to Improve Otologic Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

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Survey of Barriers to Breast Milk Feeding in Children With Cleft Palate.

The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·2025
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The Impact of Human Milk on Tympanostomy Tube, Hearing, and Speech Sequelae in Children With Cleft Palate.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding
09:14

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding

Published on: August 22, 2016

Acellular dermal matrix in palatoplasty.

Joseph E Losee1, Darren M Smith

  • 1Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. joseph.losee@chp.edu

Aesthetic Surgery Journal
|September 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Acellular dermal matrix aids palatoplasty by improving closure, reducing fistula formation, and aiding repairs. This strategy helps achieve better speech outcomes in velopharyngeal incompetence patients.

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Palatoplasty aims to correct velopharyngeal incompetence for normal speech.
  • Poor surgical closure can lead to fistulas, worsening velopharyngeal incompetence.
  • Fistula recurrence rates after repair can be as high as 65%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on acellular dermal matrix in palatoplasty.
  • To present an algorithm utilizing acellular dermal matrix for primary and secondary palatoplasty.
  • To report outcomes of using acellular dermal matrix in palatoplasty.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of acellular dermal matrix in palatoplasty.
  • Description of a novel surgical algorithm incorporating acellular dermal matrix.

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Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding
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  • Analysis of patient outcomes for primary and secondary palatoplasty.

    • Main Results:

    • Acellular dermal matrix can augment palatoplasty repairs.
    • This material may minimize postoperative fistula formation.
    • It can also be used effectively in secondary palatoplasty for fistula repair.

    Conclusions:

    • Acellular dermal matrix is a valuable tool in palatoplasty.
    • Its use can reduce the incidence and burden of fistulas.
    • This strategy shows promise for improving speech outcomes.