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Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection

P N Vinoth1, K Abilash Thomas, S Muthamil Selvan

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai, India.

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|September 22, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Malaria rarely causes hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). This case shows an infant with HPS due to Plasmodium falciparum malaria, recovering quickly with antimalarial treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a severe, life-threatening condition.
  • HPS is often linked to infections, cancers, or autoimmune disorders.
  • Malaria is an uncommon cause of HPS.

Observation:

  • An 11-month-old infant presented with fever, enlarged liver and spleen, and low blood counts.
  • Laboratory tests revealed high ferritin and triglycerides, with hemophagocytosis in bone marrow.
  • Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes were detected in the bone marrow.

Findings:

  • The infant's presentation was consistent with hemophagocytic syndrome.
  • The underlying cause of HPS was identified as Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
  • Bone marrow examination confirmed the presence of malaria parasites.

Implications:

  • This case highlights malaria as a potential, albeit rare, cause of HPS in infants.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt antimalarial treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes.
  • Further research may elucidate the mechanisms linking malaria to HPS.

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