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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

Brain Waves

Brain Waves

Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

Decoding patterns of human brain activity.

Frank Tong¹, Michael S Pratte

¹Psychology Department and Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA. frank.tong@vanderbilt.edu

Annual Review of Psychology

|September 28, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Decoding brain activity can reveal mental states like perception and memory. Careful application of multivoxel pattern analysis offers insights into mind-brain relationships, but raises neuroethics concerns.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Neuroimaging

Background:

Noninvasive brain activity measures can decode mental states.
Brain activity patterns reveal perceptions, attention, and memory.
Multidimensional models explore brain encoding of complex information.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the capabilities and implications of "brain reading" technology.
Address conceptual, methodological, and ethical challenges in decoding brain activity.
Examine how brain decoding reflects cognitive functions versus decoder computations.

Main Methods:

Utilizing multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) for brain signal analysis.
Analyzing noninvasive measures of human brain activity.
Employing multidimensional models to study brain encoding.

Main Results:

Successful decoding demonstrates potential for understanding cognitive functions.
Carefully applied MVPA provides specific insights into mind-brain relationships.
Advancements highlight the need for careful methodological and ethical consideration.

Conclusions:

Brain reading offers a window into mind-brain connections.
Methodological rigor is crucial for accurate interpretation of decoding results.
Neuroethics and mental privacy are key considerations for future brain-reading technologies.