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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and narrowing...
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
08:35

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

[Coronary microvascular dysfunction. An update].

Priscilla Lamendola1, Antonino Di Franco, Pierpaolo Tarzia

  • 1Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.

Recenti Progressi in Medicina
|September 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) causes angina without artery blockages. Understanding stable and unstable CMD is key for diagnosis and treatment, impacting cardiac health and patient outcomes.

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Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
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Intradermal Microdialysis: An Approach to Investigating Novel Mechanisms of Microvascular Dysfunction in Humans
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Intradermal Microdialysis: An Approach to Investigating Novel Mechanisms of Microvascular Dysfunction in Humans

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Physiology

Context:

  • Coronary microcirculation plays a vital role in regulating myocardial blood flow.
  • Dysfunction of the coronary microcirculation can lead to significant cardiac abnormalities and clinical symptoms.
  • Microvascular angina (MVA) arises from coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of microvascular angina (MVA).
  • To differentiate between stable (effort-related) and unstable (rest-related) forms of MVA.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms and treatment strategies for MVA.

Summary:

  • Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) can cause anginal symptoms, termed microvascular angina (MVA), presenting as stable (cardiac syndrome X) or unstable forms.
  • Stable MVA involves impaired vasodilation, potentially linked to increased cardiac adrenergic activity, while unstable MVA is characterized by increased vasoconstriction.
  • Treatment for stable MVA includes anti-ischemic drugs, with other agents considered for persistent symptoms; the prognosis for unstable MVA remains largely unknown.

Impact:

  • Highlights the clinical significance of CMD in patients presenting with angina.
  • Underscores the need for further research into the mechanisms and outcomes of unstable MVA.
  • Provides insights into current and potential therapeutic approaches for managing MVA.