Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Absolute Motion Analysis- General Plane Motion01:24

Absolute Motion Analysis- General Plane Motion

Visualize a drone, with its propellers spinning rapidly, hovering mid-air. The fascinating movements and operations of this drone can be comprehended by applying the principle of general plane motion.
As the drone's propellers rotate, an upward force is generated that counteracts the force of gravity, enabling the drone to lift off from the ground. This initial movement of the drone is along a straight path, representing a form of translational motion. In this phase, every point on the drone...
Relative Motion Analysis - Velocity01:24

Relative Motion Analysis - Velocity

A stroke engine has a slider-crank mechanism that converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider.
When an external force is exerted, it sets the crank into a rotational movement. This, in turn, instigates the motion of the connecting rod, leading to what is referred to as a general plane motion. This process involves two key points - point A on the connecting rod...
Relative Motion Analysis - Acceleration01:10

Relative Motion Analysis - Acceleration

A slider-crank mechanism converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider. The movement of the slider-crank is an example of general plane motion as the fluctuating angle between the crank and the connecting rod. Consider a segment AB where point A is at the end of the slider and point B is on the diametrically opposite end to point A, on a crack. The variance in...
Motion of a Projectile01:23

Motion of a Projectile

Projectile motion becomes evident when a player kicks the ball into the air. The launch angle, or the angle at which the ball is kicked, plays a crucial role in determining the trajectory of the projectile. As the ball soars through the air, influenced solely by gravity, its motion can be dissected into two independent velocity components: the horizontal and the vertical.
Horizontal motion, governed by the initial kick, maintains a constant velocity throughout the flight of the soccer ball.
Kinematic Equations - III01:18

Kinematic Equations - III

The first two kinematic equations have time as a variable, but the third kinematic equation is independent of time. This equation expresses final velocity as a function of the acceleration and distance over which it acts. The fourth kinematic equation does not have an acceleration term and provides the final position of the object at time t in terms of the initial and final velocities. This equation is useful when the value of the constant acceleration is unknown.
Using the kinematic equations,...
Kinematic Equations - II01:17

Kinematic Equations - II

The second kinematic equation expresses the final position of an object in terms of its initial position, the distance traveled with the initial constant velocity, and the distance traveled due to a change in velocity. Similar to the first kinematic equation, this equation is also only valid when the acceleration is constant throughout the motion of an object.
Suppose a car merges into freeway traffic on a 200 m long ramp. If its initial velocity is 10 m/s and it accelerates at 2 m/s2, then the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Standardized Knee Meniscus MRI Reporting: An Interdisciplinary Delphi Consensus.

Radiology·2026
Same author

Editorial Commentary: Periportal Capsulotomy Is the Mountain Worth Climbing in Hip Arthroscopy.

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·2026
Same author

What Are the Biomechanical Features and Metrics for Native Hip Instability? Consensus Statements From a Scoping Review and an International Multidisciplinary Delphi Study.

Clinical orthopaedics and related research·2026
Same author

Can a Clinician Accurately Diagnose Iliopsoas Tendinitis on a Physical Examination?

The American journal of sports medicine·2026
Same author

Hip Surgical Treatment Registry (HipSTR): The North American Hip Arthroscopy Registry-Who We Are Operating on and What We Are Doing; Findings in Its Inaugural Year 2023 With >1000 Patients.

The American journal of sports medicine·2026
Same author

Cadaveric Evaluation of Anchor Perforation During Hip Labral Repair: Influence of Portal Location and Drill Guide.

Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine·2026
Same journal

Pulsatile Hemodynamics of Prehypertension and Hypertension: Associations with Pressure and Sex.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

A Pressure Difference-Based Strategy for Blood Oxygen Control in Membrane Oxygenators: Reduced Modeling, Computational Simulation, and Exploratory In Vivo Evaluation.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

Multidirectional Optical Bone Densitometry Using a Simulation-Based Machine Learning Model: Experimental Validation with Bone Phantoms.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

Numerical Study of Human Torso Mechanical Response and Injury Assessment Under Blast Loading with Bulletproof Protection.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

Immediate and Mid-Long-Term Effects of Foot Orthoses on Gait Biomechanics and Clinical Characteristics in Medial Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

Screening and Evaluation of Post-stroke Dysphagia: Insights from Neurology, Artificial Intelligence and Data Science-A Scoping Review.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study
07:51

Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study

Published on: March 14, 2017

Kinematics differences between the flat, kick, and slice serves measured using a markerless motion capture method.

Alison L Sheets1, Geoffrey D Abrams, Stefano Corazza

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. sheets.203@osu.edu

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|October 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Markerless motion capture revealed differences in tennis serve kinematics. The kick serve showed unique racquet positioning, potentially increasing injury risk for the shoulder and back.

More Related Videos

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
11:18

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task

Published on: June 1, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study
07:51

Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study

Published on: March 14, 2017

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
11:18

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task

Published on: June 1, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Kinesiology

Background:

  • Tennis serve injuries are linked to player mechanics.
  • Quantitative kinematic analysis in natural settings is challenging with traditional motion capture.
  • Markerless motion capture (MMC) offers a potential solution for realistic sports analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare kinematic differences in lower back, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and racquet between flat, kick, and slice tennis serves.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of MMC for analyzing sports performance in natural environments.

Main Methods:

  • Seven male NCAA Division 1 tennis players performed flat, kick, and slice serves.
  • A markerless motion capture (MMC) system was used for data acquisition.
  • Kinematic data were collected on an outdoor court during daylight.

Main Results:

  • Peak speeds increased proximally to distally (back to racquet).
  • No significant difference in racquet speed at ball impact across serve types.
  • Significant differences in racquet velocity vector direction: kick serve had more lateral and less forward velocity; flat serve had less vertical velocity.
  • Kick serve racquet position was more posterior and medial relative to the shoulder compared to the flat serve.

Conclusions:

  • Markerless motion capture is viable for analyzing sports performance in natural conditions.
  • Kick serves exhibit distinct kinematic patterns compared to flat and slice serves.
  • The kick serve's mechanics may pose a higher risk for shoulder and lower back injuries.