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Aggregates Classification

Aggregates Classification

Aggregate classification is generally based on its size, petrographic characteristics, weight, and source. Size classification ranges from coarse to fine aggregates, defined by the size of the particles. Coarse aggregates are particles that do not pass through ASTM sieve No. 4, and aggregates that pass through the sieve are fine aggregates.
Petrographic classification groups aggregates based on common mineralogical characteristics. Some of the common mineral groups found in aggregates are...

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins. Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils.
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins. Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils.
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...

Globular and Fibrous Proteins

Globular and Fibrous Proteins

Many proteins can be classified into two distinct subtypes - globular or fibrous. These two types differ in their shapes and solubilities.
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...

Globular Proteins

Globular Proteins

In organisms, proteins are the most abundant macromolecules. They act as the building blocks of life and play various crucial roles in the body. Proteins can be broadly classified into two distinct subtypes based on their shape and solubilities: globular proteins and fibrous proteins.
Globular proteins serve many important physiological functions, such as acting as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be soluble in the aqueous...

Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding

Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding

The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
The...

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Evaluation of the Impact of Protein Aggregation on Cellular Oxidative Stress in Yeast

Evaluation of the Impact of Protein Aggregation on Cellular Oxidative Stress in Yeast

Published on: June 23, 2018

Classification of protein aggregates.

Linda O Narhi¹, Jeremy Schmit, Karoline Bechtold-Peters

¹Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA. lnarhi@amgen.com

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

|October 13, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new standardized nomenclature for protein aggregates is proposed to improve communication across scientific disciplines. This classification scheme addresses size, reversibility, conformation, modification, and morphology for clear descriptions.

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Evaluation of the Impact of Protein Aggregation on Cellular Oxidative Stress in Yeast

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Structural Biology

Background:

Current terminology for protein aggregates lacks standardization, hindering inter-laboratory and inter-disciplinary comparisons.
Imprecise language complicates the accurate description and classification of self-associated protein species.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a standardized nomenclature and classification scheme for all protein aggregates.
To facilitate consistent and unambiguous communication in protein aggregation research.

Main Methods:

Development of a classification system based on five independent categories: size, reversibility/dissociation, conformation, covalent modification, and morphology.
Discussion of potential subclassifications within each category.

Main Results:

A proposed five-category framework for classifying protein aggregates.
Illustrative examples of the nomenclature's application in scientific contexts.

Conclusions:

The proposed nomenclature provides a robust framework for describing protein aggregates.
Standardization will enhance the reproducibility and clarity of research findings related to protein aggregation.