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Using ketamine to model semantic deficits in schizophrenia.

Erica Neill1, Susan L Rossell, Sarah McDonald

  • 1Cognitive Neuropsychology Laboratory, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia. E.Neill@alfred.org.au

Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
|October 25, 2011
PubMed
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Ketamine impaired implicit indirect semantic processing in healthy individuals, mirroring cognitive deficits seen in schizophrenia. This suggests ketamine

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychopharmacology

Background:

  • Semantic deficits are a key cognitive issue in schizophrenia.
  • N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor dysfunction is implicated in schizophrenia's cognitive impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of ketamine on semantic processing in healthy individuals.
  • To examine how ketamine affects explicit versus implicit and direct versus indirect semantic relationships.
  • To compare ketamine's effects to semantic deficits observed in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy participants received ketamine (0.8 mg/kg/hr) or placebo in a double-blind, repeated-measures design.
  • Semantic processing tasks involved word pairs with varying degrees of relatedness (direct vs. indirect).

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  • Both conscious (explicit) and unconscious (implicit) processing were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Ketamine led to abnormal reaction times in implicit indirect semantic processing (increased priming).
    • Ketamine reduced accuracy for explicit semantic processing tasks.
    • Directly related word pair processing showed minimal differences between ketamine and placebo.

    Conclusions:

    • Ketamine acutely disrupts implicit indirect semantic processing, similar to schizophrenia.
    • This finding supports the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist model for studying schizophrenia's semantic deficits.
    • Further research is needed to directly compare impairments in ketamine users and schizophrenia patients.