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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
Exocytosis00:51

Exocytosis

Exocytosis is used to release material from cells. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis00:50

Exocytosis

Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, which brings molecules inside the cell. Sometimes, the released materials are signaling molecules. For example, neurons typically use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters. Cells also use exocytosis to insert proteins such as ion channels into their cell membranes, secrete proteins for use in the extracellular matrix, or...
Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis01:18

Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis

Vesicular transport is a cellular process that encompasses the engulfment of particles or dissolved substances by cells. It involves endocytosis, transcytosis, and exocytosis.
Endocytosis is a cellular mechanism that involves the inward folding of the cell membrane to create vesicles that capture and transport large drug molecules. This process comprises two distinct methods: pinocytosis (often referred to as "cell drinking") and phagocytosis (often referred to as "cell eating"). Pinocytosis is...
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Extraction of Extracellular Vesicles from Whole Tissue
09:03

Extraction of Extracellular Vesicles from Whole Tissue

Published on: February 7, 2019

Exosomes: small vesicles participating in intercellular communication.

Anna-Kristin Ludwig1, Bernd Giebel

  • 1Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|October 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exosomes are tiny vesicles released by cells, crucial for intercellular communication. These signaling organelles show promise for clinical diagnostics and novel therapeutic strategies.

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A Simple Benchtop Filtration Method to Isolate Small Extracellular Vesicles from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Extraction of Extracellular Vesicles from Whole Tissue
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells.
  • They originate from multivesicular bodies fusing with the plasma membrane.
  • Exosomes are found in various body fluids like blood, urine, and saliva.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the biogenesis and function of exosomes.
  • To highlight the role of exosomes in intercellular communication.
  • To explore the potential of exosomes in diagnostics and therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on exosome biogenesis and function.
  • Analysis of exosome content (lipids, proteins, RNAs).
  • Review of studies on exosome-mediated cellular processes.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes are formed within late endosomes and released upon MVB-plasma membrane fusion.
  • They carry diverse molecular cargo, including lipids, signaling molecules, and RNAs.
  • Exosomes mediate intercellular communication, influencing immune responses, tumor progression, and tissue regeneration/degeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes are complex intercellular signaling organelles with diverse functions.
  • Their cargo and origin-dependent effects make them significant in biological processes.
  • Exosomes represent promising tools for clinical diagnostics and therapeutic strategies.