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¹Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée et Nanostructures, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR, Domaine scientifique de la Doua, Villeurbanne, France.

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|October 27, 2011

Summary

We explored effective temperature in nonequilibrium systems using a novel experimental method. Our findings show the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) holds true for ageing colloidal gels, with effective temperature matching bath temperature.

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Area of Science:

Soft matter physics
Colloidal science
Statistical mechanics

Background:

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is crucial for equilibrium systems.
Extending FDT to nonequilibrium systems, like ageing colloidal gels, remains a challenge.
Effective temperature is a key concept for describing nonequilibrium systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally investigate the effective temperature concept as a generalization of FDT for nonequilibrium systems.
To develop a nonperturbative dual measurement technique for direct FDT application.
To derive and validate effective temperature in ageing colloidal gels.

Main Methods:

Utilized a fluorescence-recovery-based setup for simultaneous measurements.
Measured diffusion coefficient and sedimentation velocity of heavy colloids in Laponite clay suspension.
Applied FDT directly to tracer velocity observable in a single sample.

Main Results:

Successfully derived effective temperature in ageing colloidal gels.
Reported no violation of the FDT across various concentrations and ageing times.
Observed effective temperature consistently agreeing with bath temperature.

Conclusions:

The experimental approach provides a well-defined method for deriving effective temperature.
Results support theoretical predictions regarding the coupling of velocity and gel dynamics.
The study validates the applicability of FDT in specific nonequilibrium colloidal systems.