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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics
09:12

Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

Published on: May 28, 2016

Continuous phase transformation in nanocube assemblies.

Yugang Zhang1, Fang Lu, Daniel van der Lelie

  • 1Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|October 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanocube assemblies transform between simple cubic and rhombohedral phases. Ligand thickness controls the rhombohedral angle and particle shape, leading to highly efficient packing structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding the self-assembly of nanoparticles is crucial for designing advanced materials.
  • Controlling the phase behavior of 3D nanoparticle assemblies is a key challenge in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the phase behavior of 3D nanocube assemblies during solvent evaporation.
  • To establish quantitative relationships between particle shape, ligand properties, and assembly structure.

Main Methods:

  • Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for structural analysis.
  • Electron microscopy (EM) for visualizing particle morphology and assembly structure.
  • Controlled solvent evaporation of ligand-coated nanocubes in solution.

Main Results:

  • Observed a continuous transformation between simple cubic and rhombohedral phases.
  • Demonstrated that ligand thickness dictates the rhombohedral lattice angle.
  • Quantified the evolution of particle shape from cubes to quasispheres and its correlation with lattice distortion.
  • Identified a transformation pathway leading to the highest known packing density for these systems.

Conclusions:

  • Ligand-controlled phase transitions in nanocube assemblies are tunable.
  • Particle shape evolution significantly influences lattice distortion and packing efficiency.
  • These findings provide a pathway for designing highly ordered and densely packed nanoparticle superstructures.