Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The semiconductor's...
Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation01:28

Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation

The Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation is a cornerstone of physical chemistry, providing a method to determine the molar conductance (Λm) and molar conductance at infinite dilution (Λ°m) for uni-univalent electrolytes.Uni-univalent electrolytes are electrolytes that dissociate in solution to produce one cation with a +1 charge and one anion with a –1 charge per formula unit.This equation addresses two crucial phenomena: the asymmetry effect and the electrophoretic effect. According to this equation,...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Anaesthetic rooms are no longer needed.

Anaesthesia·2024
Same author

Diseases of the Ear.

The Chicago medical journal and examiner·2023
Same author

Mercy Hospital Ophthalmic Clinic.

Medical examiner (Chicago, Ill.)·2023
Same author

First Report of Boeremia Blight Caused by Boeremia exigua var. exigua on Pyrethrum in Australia.

Plant disease·2019
Same author

A new quinoline-based chemical probe inhibits the autophagy-related cysteine protease ATG4B.

Scientific reports·2018
Same author

Serum blood metabolite response and evaluation of select organ weight, histology, and cardiac morphology of beef heifers exposed to a dual corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin challenge following supplementation of zilpaterol hydrochloride.

Journal of animal science·2018
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Phase diffusion in graphene-based Josephson junctions.

I V Borzenets1, U C Coskun, S J Jones

  • 1Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|October 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created graphene Josephson junctions using lead contacts. They observed a small resistance up to 2 K, identifying phase diffusion in graphene for the first time.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials
10:36

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials
10:36

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Electronics

Background:

  • Graphene exhibits unique electronic properties relevant for quantum devices.
  • Josephson junctions are crucial for superconducting electronics and quantum information.
  • Understanding dissipation mechanisms in graphene-based superconductors is essential for device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavior of graphene-based Josephson junctions with lead contacts.
  • To identify and characterize dissipation mechanisms in these devices.
  • To explore the potential of graphene for superconducting quantum applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of graphene Josephson junctions utilizing lead as superconducting contacts.
  • Measurement of supercurrent and resistance as a function of temperature and gate voltage.
  • Analysis of the observed resistance in relation to theoretical models of dissipation.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of graphene-based Josephson junctions with lead contacts.
  • Observation of supercurrent flow at temperatures up to approximately 2 K.
  • Detection of a small, non-zero resistance attributed to the phase diffusion mechanism, previously unidentified in graphene.
  • Characterization of the electromagnetic environment and dissipation through resistance measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The phase diffusion mechanism is identified in graphene Josephson junctions, expanding our understanding of dissipation in such systems.
  • Graphene-based Josephson junctions with lead contacts demonstrate potential for superconducting applications.
  • Further research can optimize these devices by controlling dissipation and electromagnetic environment.