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Related Concept Videos

Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
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Respiration Pathways01:26

Respiration Pathways

Cellular respiration is a fundamental metabolic process that enables organisms to generate energy from organic molecules. One of its central pathways is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, which plays a crucial role in energy production and biosynthetic processes.Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoAThe pyruvate generated from glycolysis undergoes oxidative decarboxylation by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, producing acetyl-CoA, one molecule of NADH, and one...
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Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
Overview of Pulmonary Circulation01:19

Overview of Pulmonary Circulation

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Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...

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Left Lung Orthotopic Transplantation in a Juvenile Porcine Model for ESLP
06:55

Left Lung Orthotopic Transplantation in a Juvenile Porcine Model for ESLP

Published on: February 14, 2022

Transpulmonary lactate shuttle.

Matthew L Johnson1, Chi-An W Emhoff, Michael A Horning

  • 1Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-3140, USA.

American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
|October 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transpulmonary lactate shuttling significantly impacts whole-body lactate kinetics. Measuring lactate uptake across the lungs provides an incomplete picture, especially during epinephrine stimulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Physiology
  • Cardiopulmonary Function
  • Tracer Kinetics

Background:

  • Lactate shuttling via vasculature meets tissue energy demands.
  • Tracer kinetic studies measure substrate metabolism in circulation.
  • Pulmonary parenchyma processes entire cardiac output.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if transpulmonary lactate shuttling affects whole-body lactate kinetics.
  • To investigate lactate kinetics under lactate clamp and epinephrine stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Anesthetized rat model.
  • Primed-continuous infusion of [U-(13)C]lactate.
  • Lactate clamp and epinephrine stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Net transpulmonary lactate uptake occurred under all conditions.
  • Lactate clamp increased venous and arterial lactate concentrations.
  • Epinephrine stimulation resulted in negative fractional lactate extraction, indicating transpulmonary production.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary arterial-venous lactate concentration differences are insufficient to fully assess lung lactate metabolism.
  • Epinephrine stimulation complicates interpretation of transpulmonary lactate kinetics.
  • Lactate metabolism in the lungs is complex and stimulus-dependent.