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Updated: May 28, 2026

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects
Published on: May 4, 2021
Current status of nitrous oxide as a behavior management practice routine in pediatric dentistry
Nicholas J Levering1, Jos V M Welie
1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Creighton Uuniversity, Omaha, NE, USA. nicholaslevering@creighton.edu
Abstract:
Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) as a behavioral management intervention in children has attained an excellent safety record and is, therefore, used widely. As is true of any diagnostic or therapeutic dental intervention, however, its usage merits periodic review, even if-or particularly when-it is routinely applied. For example, when N(2)O is used in combination with other sedatives, such polypharmacy can produce potentially serious side effects. There are also bioenvironmental risks to patients and staff if ambient air is not properly monitored. Using historical publications, current empirical articles, professional usage policies, and educational textbooks, the purpose of this article was to review indications and contraindications of N(2)O and discuss various factors that should or should not be considered about its use in the United States. Even though today's parents may be more accepting of pharmacologic approaches such as N(2)O, the choice to use it should always be made with the child's best interest in mind.
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