Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transcriptional analyses identify pericyte-centered signaling programs altered by sex and brain region in Alzheimer's Disease.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Microenvironment T-Type calcium channels regulate neuronal and glial processes in tumor cells to promote glioblastoma growth.

Neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

An ultrasound-scanning in vivo light source.

Nature materials·2026
Same author

Perineuronal Nets: Old Structures, New Functions.

The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry·2026
Same author

Rapid Isolation of Human Breast Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2025
Same author

Meningeal vascular Aβ deposition associates with cerebral hypoperfusion and compensatory collateral remodeling.

Alzheimer's research & therapy·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice
09:48

Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Published on: May 4, 2015

Hypoxic preconditioning involves system Xc- regulation in mouse neural stem cells.

Brian Sims1, Melinda Clarke, Ludwig Francillion

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA. bsims@peds.uab.edu

Stem Cell Research
|November 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoxic preconditioning increases cystine-glutamate exchanger (system Xc-) expression and activity in mice, offering a potential neuroprotective mechanism. This study reveals hypoxic regulation of system Xc-, crucial for brain health.

More Related Videos

Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells
10:16

Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells

Published on: June 14, 2017

Experimental Models to Study the Neuroprotection of Acidic Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia
10:13

Experimental Models to Study the Neuroprotection of Acidic Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia

Published on: July 31, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice
09:48

Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Published on: May 4, 2015

Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells
10:16

Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells

Published on: June 14, 2017

Experimental Models to Study the Neuroprotection of Acidic Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia
10:13

Experimental Models to Study the Neuroprotection of Acidic Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia

Published on: July 31, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Hypoxic preconditioning shows neuroprotective effects in animals.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection remain unclear.
  • Overexpression of the cystine-glutamate exchanger (system Xc-) is known to be neuroprotective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of system Xc- in hypoxic preconditioning.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking hypoxia and neuroprotection via system Xc-.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot analysis in C57BL/6 mice exposed to hypoxia.
  • Analysis of xCT mRNA and protein expression.
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) knockdown using siRNA.
  • Measurement of system Xc- activity via cystine uptake.
  • Pharmacological inhibition of system Xc- in neural stem cells.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxia significantly increased system Xc- expression and protein levels, particularly in the hippocampus.
  • mRNA levels of xCT, the regulatory subunit of system Xc-, were also elevated under hypoxia.
  • HIF-1α knockdown reduced both HIF-1α and system Xc- expression.
  • System Xc- activity, measured by cystine uptake, doubled under hypoxic conditions.
  • Inhibition of system Xc- attenuated the neuroprotective effects of hypoxic preconditioning.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoxic preconditioning upregulates the expression and activity of the cystine-glutamate exchanger (system Xc-).
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) plays a role in mediating this upregulation.
  • System Xc- is a key mediator of neuroprotection during hypoxic preconditioning.