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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
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Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
10:56

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

Long-range attraction in aqueous colloidal suspensions.

Qing Zhao1, Jason Coult, Gerald H Pollack

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Box 355061, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.

Proceedings of Spie--The International Society for Optical Engineering
|November 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Unexpected long-range attractions were observed between polymeric microspheres and gel beads in aqueous suspensions, even between similarly charged particles, over distances up to 2 mm.

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Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy

Published on: July 18, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding particle interactions in suspensions is crucial for various applications.
  • Electrostatic interactions typically govern particle behavior in aqueous media.
  • Observed attractions challenge conventional understanding of inter-particle forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and characterize unexpected long-range attractive forces between polymeric microspheres and gel beads.
  • To explore the nature of these attractions in aqueous suspensions.
  • To identify potential mechanisms driving these phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of particle behavior in aqueous suspensions.
  • Utilizing polymeric microspheres and gel beads as model systems.
  • Measuring attractive displacements over macroscopic distances (up to 2 mm).

Main Results:

  • Consistent long-range attractions were detected between microspheres.
  • Attractions were also observed between microspheres and gel beads.
  • These forces persisted even between entities with like charges.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a previously uncharacterized long-range attraction mechanism in aqueous suspensions.
  • These findings necessitate a re-evaluation of inter-particle forces in colloidal systems.
  • The observed phenomena may have significant implications for particle assembly and material design.