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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State01:21

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Pratap Kumar1, Sameer Farouk Sait, Alok Sharma

  • 1Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
|November 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a complication of assisted reproduction. Understanding vasoactive substances and using low-dose protocols, albumin, cabergoline, and heparin can help prevent and manage OHSS risks.

Keywords:
Human chorionic gonadotrophinintravascular depletionovarian hyperstimulation

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Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction
12:03

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic complication of assisted reproduction technology (ART).
  • OHSS involves ovarian enlargement, fluid shifts due to increased capillary permeability and neoangiogenesis, triggered by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG).
  • Vasoactive substances like VEGF, interleukins, and TNF-α play a key role in increased vascular permeability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of OHSS.
  • To discuss current strategies for OHSS prevention and management in ART.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of OHSS pathophysiology and management strategies.
  • Analysis of the role of specific vasoactive substances and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • OHSS is characterized by ascites, edema, and intravascular hypovolemia due to fluid shifts.
  • Low-dose gonadotrophin protocols, prophylactic albumin, antagonist protocols, and cabergoline have shown promise in reducing OHSS incidence and severity.
  • Heparin prophylaxis is used to prevent thrombosis in hospitalized patients.

Conclusions:

  • OHSS management requires specialized care in a hospital setting.
  • Early recognition and intervention are crucial for critical OHSS cases requiring intensive care.
  • Optimizing ART protocols and utilizing preventive therapies can significantly mitigate OHSS risks.