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Related Concept Videos

Persuasion Strategies01:52

Persuasion Strategies

Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
Routes of Persuasion02:20

Routes of Persuasion

Persuasion is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication. Much of the persuasion we experience comes from outside forces. How do people convince others to change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors? What communications do you receive that attempt to persuade you to change your attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors?
Attitudes01:54

Attitudes

Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
Groupthink01:34

Groupthink

When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...
Location and Orientation of the Heart01:13

Location and Orientation of the Heart

The human heart, despite its modest size and weight, is an organ of remarkable strength and endurance. Roughly the size of a fist, the heart weighs between 250 and 350 grams and is nestled within the mediastinum, the medial cavity of the thorax. It extends obliquely for about 12 to 14 cm, resting on the superior surface of the diaphragm. The heart is positioned anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum, with two-thirds of its mass lying to the left of the midsternal line.

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Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements
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Hearts and minds.

A R Naylor1

  • 1The Department of Vascular Surgery at Leicester Royal Infirmary, Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK. ross.naylor@uhl-tr.nhs.uk

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery : the Official Journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carotid stenting (CAS) and endarterectomy (CEA) guidelines are debated. New findings suggest CAS may have higher peri-operative myocardial infarction (MI) mortality, challenging previous assumptions and emphasizing stroke prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Neurology
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • American Heart Association guidelines liberalized carotid stenting (CAS) for average-risk patients.
  • Guidelines assumed CAS doubles procedural stroke risk and CEA doubles procedural myocardial infarction (MI) risk.
  • Assumed peri-operative MI significantly reduces long-term survival, particularly in CEA patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the rationale behind current carotid revascularization guidelines.
  • To analyze the impact of peri-operative MI on long-term survival in CAS versus CEA.
  • To emphasize stroke prevention as the primary goal in managing transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Main Methods:

  • Re-interpretation of existing literature, including CREST trial data.
  • Analysis of peri-operative MI rates and subsequent mortality in CAS and CEA.
  • Comparison of long-term survival outcomes based on procedural complications.

Main Results:

  • The rationale for current guidelines is flawed; poorer survival in CREST was not solely due to CEA patients dying post-MI.
  • A higher proportion of CAS patients experienced mortality during follow-up after peri-operative MI.
  • Up to 10% of patients suffer stroke within seven days of TIA, highlighting the hyperacute intervention benefit.

Conclusions:

  • Peri-operative MI's impact on survival is re-evaluated, suggesting CAS may have higher associated mortality than previously assumed.
  • The benefits of hyperacute stroke prevention outweigh potential consequences of peri-operative MI.
  • Stroke prevention, not peri-operative MI, should be the priority in managing TIA patients.